Development of New Foliage Plant Cultivars
Development of New Foliage Plant Cultivars
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观叶植物新品种的开发
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. B. Mcconnell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jianjun Chen;R. Henny;D. B. Mcconnell
引言观叶植物，从字面上定义，将包括所有植物种植的有吸引力的叶子，而不是花或果实。然而，在一般的园艺术语中，观叶植物大多是那些具有吸引人的叶子和/或花朵的植物，它们能够在室内生存和生长。因此，它们被用作室内装饰或室内植物景观的活植物。观叶植物，在普通术语中，被称为室内植物。来自世界热带或亚热带地区的观叶植物为今天的观叶植物产业提供了基础。从1956年到1967年，Aglaonema，Dieffenbachia，Dracaena，Epipremnum，Ficus，Peperomia，Philodendron，Sansevieria，Syngonium以及棕榈科（棕榈）的几个属的植物是该行业的主要参与者。在1956年和1967年，喜林芋在所有其他属中占主导地位，分别占批发价值的50%和36%（Smith和Strain 1976）。1975年，鹅掌柴和蕨类植物（水龙骨科）加入了美国农业部国家农业统计局园艺专业普查的名单（McConnell et al. 1989）。然而，喜林芋属仍为主要属，占批发价值的20%。1988年，常春藤属被添加到列表中（McConnell et al. 1989）。喜林芋的总市场份额从1975年的20%下降到1988年的4.7%。在1988年，没有一个属超过市场价值的10%，这表明观叶植物生产的多样化。十年后，红掌属和Codiaeum属，以及凤梨科（凤梨科）和仙人掌（仙人掌科）被添加到1998年的名单（美国农业部1999年）。美国观叶植物的批发价值从1949年的1300万美元增加到2000年的5.74亿美元（USDA 2001）。观叶植物用于室内装饰或室内植物造景已成为当代设计不可或缺的一部分，在我们的生活中发挥着重要作用（Manaker 1997）。自20世纪60年代以来，佛罗里达在观叶植物生产方面一直领先全国，占全国批发价值的55%以上。除了其有利的气候，佛罗里达主导了树叶市场，因为佛罗里达树叶种植者不断向市场推出新的属和新的品种。这极大地扩展了在园林绿化中使用观叶植物的选择。
INTRODUCTION Foliage plants, defined literally, would include all plants grown for their attractive leaves rather than for flowers or fruits. In general horticultural terms, however, foliage plants are mostly those with attractive foliage and/or flowers that are able to survive and grow indoors. Thus, they are used as living plants for interior decoration or interior plantscaping. Foliage plants, in common terminology, are called house plants. Foliage plants from the world’s tropical or subtropical regions provide the basis for today’s foliage plant industry. From 1956 to 1967, Aglaonema, Dieffenbachia, Dracaena, Epipremnum, Ficus, Peperomia, Philodendron, Sansevieria, Syngonium, and plants from several genera of Palmae (palm) were the major players in the industry. Philodendron dominated all other genera accounting for 50% and 36% of wholesale values in 1956 and 1967, respectively (Smith and Strain 1976). In 1975, Schefflera and ferns (Polypodiaceae) joined the list of the Census of Horticulture Specialties of the US Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (McConnell et al. 1989). However, Philodendron was still the major genus, accounting for 20% of the wholesale value. In 1988, genus Hedera was added to the list (McConnell et al. 1989). The total market segment of Philodendron decreased from 20% in 1975 to 4.7% in 1988. No single genus exceeded 10% of the market value in 1988, suggesting increased diversification in foliage plant production. Ten years later, genera Anthurium and Codiaeum, as well as bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) and cactus (Cactaceae) were added to the 1998 list (USDA 1999). The wholesale value of foliage plants in the US increased from $13 million in 1949 to $574 million in 2000 (USDA 2001). The use of foliage plants for interior decoration or interior plantscaping has become an integral part of contemporary design, playing an important role in our life (Manaker 1997). Florida has led the nation in the production of foliage plants, accounting for more than 55% of the national wholesale value since the 1960s. In addition to its favorable climate, Florida dominates the foliage market because Florida foliage growers continually introduce new genera and new cultivars to the market. This dramatically expands options for foliage plant usage in interiorscaping.