I. Background
I. Background
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一、背景
DOI：
10.1515/9783111676777-002
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
William C. Canby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
William C. Canby
[1]在这种情况下，我们再次被要求将版权法的原则应用于计算机及其软件，以确定哪些内容必须作为表达加以保护，哪些内容必须作为功能向公众开放。索尼电脑娱乐公司，该公司生产和销售索尼PlayStation游戏机，这是一款带有手动控制器的小型电脑，可连接到电视控制台，并播放插入PlayStation光盘（CD）的游戏。索尼拥有基本输入输出系统（BIOS）的版权，BIOS是操作PlayStation的软件程序。索尼在此次诉讼中没有主张专利权。[3]被告是Connectix公司，该公司生产并销售一种名为“虚拟游戏站”的软件程序。“Virtual Game Station的目的是在普通计算机上仿真Sony PlayStation游戏机的功能，以便购买Virtual Game Station软件的计算机拥有者可以在他们的计算机上玩Sony PlayStation游戏。虚拟游戏站不包含任何索尼的版权材料。然而，在制作Virtual Game Station的过程中，Connectix在“逆向工程”过程中反复复制索尼的受版权保护的BIOS，以了解索尼PlayStation的工作原理。索尼声称侵权，并寻求初步禁令。地区法院认为，索尼很可能在侵权诉讼中胜诉，因为Connectix的“中间复制”不属于17 U.S.C.下受保护的“合理使用”。第107条。地方法院禁止Connectix销售Virtual Game Station或在开发其他Virtual Game Station产品时复制或使用Sony BIOS代码。[4]Connectix现在上诉。我们推翻判决发回重审并指示撤销禁令。Connectix在对Sony BIOS进行逆向工程的过程中制作和使用的中间副本受到合理使用的保护，这是允许Connectix在PlayStation游戏中使用其非侵权的Virtual Game Station功能所必需的。Connectix制作的任何其他中间复制品不支持禁令救济，即使这些复制品侵权。[5]地区法院还发现，索尼很可能会胜诉，因为它声称Connectix的销售虚拟游戏站程序玷污了索尼PlayStation商标。第1125条。我们也推翻了这一裁决。A.产品[6]
[1] OPINION [2] In this case we are called upon once again to apply the principles of copyright law to computers and their software, to determine what must be protected as expression and what must be made accessible to the public as function. Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc., which brought this copyright infringement action, produces and markets the Sony PlayStation console, a small computer with hand controls that connects to a television console and plays games that are inserted into the PlayStation on compact discs (CDs). Sony owns the copyright on the basic input-output system or BIOS, which is the software program that operates its PlayStation. Sony has asserted no patent rights in this proceeding. [3] The defendant is the Connectix Corporation, which makes and sells a software program called "Virtual Game Station." The purpose of the Virtual Game Station is to emulate on a regular computer the functioning of the Sony PlayStation console, so that computer owners who buy the Virtual Game Station software can play Sony PlayStation games on their computers. The Virtual Game Station does not contain any of Sony's copyrighted material. In the process of producing the Virtual Game Station, however, Connectix repeatedly copied Sony's copyrighted BIOS during a process of "reverse engineering" that Connectix conducted in order to find out how the Sony PlayStation worked. Sony claimed infringement and sought a preliminary injunction. The district court [p*599] concluded that Sony was likely to succeed on its infringement claim because Connectix's "intermediate copying" was not a protected "fair use" under 17 U.S.C. § 107. The district court enjoined Connectix from selling the Virtual Game Station or from copying or using the Sony BIOS code in the development of other Virtual Game Station products. [4] Connectix now appeals. We reverse and remand with instructions to dissolve the injunction. The intermediate copies made and used by Connectix during the course of its reverse engineering of the Sony BIOS were protected fair use, necessary to permit Connectix to make its non-infringing Virtual Game Station function with PlayStation games. Any other intermediate copies made by Connectix do not support injunctive relief, even if those copies were infringing. [5] The district court also found that Sony is likely to prevail on its claim that Connectix's sale of the Virtual Game Station program tarnishes the Sony PlayStation mark under 15 U.S.C. § 1125. We reverse that ruling as well. A. The products [6] …