The relationship between autoimmunity and Chagas' disease: causal or coincidental?
The relationship between autoimmunity and Chagas' disease: causal or coincidental?
复制标题
自身免疫与恰加斯病之间的关系：因果还是巧合？
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-70538-0_9
复制
发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Hindmarsh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Hudson;P. Hindmarsh
克氏锥虫感染或南美锥虫病是拉丁美洲的一个主要公共卫生问题，在那里它影响大约1000万至1200万人。这种寄生虫在动物宿主中的分布远远超出了人类感染的范围，例如包括巴西的亚马逊河流域，甚至美国最南端的州。虽然对人类宿主具有完全感染性，但由于缺乏合适的载体，该寄生虫通常不会从野生动物宿主传播到这些地区的人群。然而，最近的研究表明，入侵的森林周期的传播到peridomicilary栖息地，因为农业实践或社会经济条件的变化。同样，人类感染和病媒分布的地理范围也因人口迁移而发生变化。通过这种方式，T.克氏病毒感染并没有减少，而是显示出今后会增加的各种迹象。导致这种可能增加的一个因素是通过输血感染的病例越来越多（Brener 1979）。由于经济原因，在拉丁美洲，献血往往会从献血者到接受者的社会规模上升，因此血液传播的感染也是如此。这种感染模式的变化使人们越来越多地认识到T。在相对发达的城市人口中，克鲁齐病和恰加斯病的发病率越来越高，因此，通过化疗、疫苗接种或公共卫生措施控制和消除这一疾病的压力更大。
Trypanosoma cruzi infection or South American trypanosomiasis is a major public health problem in Latin America, where it affects in the order of 10–12 million individuals. The distribution of the parasite in animal reservoir hosts extends far beyond that of human infection to include, for example, the Amazonian basin of Brazil and even the southernmost states of the United States. Although fully infectious to a human host, the parasite is not usually transmitted from wild animal reservoir hosts to the human population in these areas because of the lack of suitable vectors. However, recent studies have shown an incursion of sylvatic cycles of transmission into the peridomicilary habitat because of changes in farming practice or socioeconomic conditions. Similarly, the geo-graphical range of human infection and vector distribution has also changed because of population migration. In this way, T. cruzi infection is not diminishing but shows every indication of a future increase. One contributory factor to this likely increase is the growing number of cases of infection via blood transfusion (Brener 1979). For economic reasons, blood donations in Latin America tend to ascend the social scale, from donor to recipient, and as a consequence so does blood-borne infection. This change in the pattern of infection has produced a growing awareness of T. cruzi and Chagas’ disease among relatively well-developed urban populations, and thus even greater pressure for its control and elimination by chemotherapy, vaccination or public health measures.