US Parents' Domestic Labor During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
US Parents' Domestic Labor During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11113-022-09735-1
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Petts, Richard J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carlson, Daniel L;Petts, Richard J
评估 COVID-19 大流行对性别平等的长期影响很重要，但我们对大流行初期之后美国父母的家庭安排知之甚少，也不知道就业、收入、远程工作、性别意识形态和护理支持的同时变化如何改变家庭安排。本研究使用固定效应回归评估了大流行第一年父母家务劳动的变化，该数据来自 2020 年 3 月、4 月和 11 月三个时间点收集的 700 名不同性别美国父母的纵向小组数据。在大流行初期，父母的家务和育儿分工变得更加平等，但到 2020 年秋季，家务分工恢复到大流行前的水平，而父亲承担育儿的份额仍然较高。父母家务劳动分工的变化很大程度上是由父母劳动力条件的变化驱动的，但性别意识形态的变化也很重要。 4 月份父亲劳动力参与率的下降和远程办公的增加预示着父亲承担家务劳动的比例增加。随着父亲们增加从事有偿工作的时间并在秋季返回到面对面的工作岗位，他们在家务劳动中所占的比例下降了。向更传统的性别意识形态的转变也与 2020 年秋季父亲在育儿方面的份额下降有关。总体而言，结果表明远程工作是在夫妻家务劳动中实现更大性别平等的一种可能手段，但向传统性别意识形态的转变可能会抑制支持性工作家庭政策带来的任何收益。在线版本包含可在 10.1007/s11113-022-09735-1 获取的补充材料。
It is important to assess the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for gender equality, but we know little about US parents’ domestic arrangements beyond the early days of the pandemic or how simultaneous changes in employment, earnings, telework, gender ideologies, and care supports may have altered domestic arrangements. This study assesses changes in parents’ domestic labor during the first year of the pandemic using fixed-effects regression on data from a longitudinal panel of 700 different-sex partnered US parents collected at three time points: March, April, and November 2020. Parents’ divisions of housework and childcare became more equal early in the pandemic, but divisions of housework reverted toward pre-pandemic levels by Fall 2020 whereas fathers’ shares of childcare remained elevated. Changes in parents’ divisions of domestic labor were largely driven by changes in parents’ labor force conditions, but shifts in gender ideology also mattered. Decreases in fathers’ labor force participation and increases in telecommuting in April portended increases in fathers’ shares of domestic tasks. As fathers increased their time in paid work and returned to in-person work by fall, their shares of domestic labor fell. Shifts toward more traditional gender ideologies were also associated with decreases in fathers’ shares of childcare in Fall 2020. Overall, results point to remote work as a possible means for achieving greater gender equality in domestic labor among couples, but shifts toward traditional gender ideologies may suppress any gains stemming from supportive work–family policies. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11113-022-09735-1.