Social interactions and interaction partners in infant orang-utans of two wild populations
Social interactions and interaction partners in infant orang-utans of two wild populations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.06.008
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
van Noordwijk, Maria A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frohlich, Marlen;Kunz, Julia;van Noordwijk, Maria A.
与同种的临时协会提供了重要的机会，收购和发展的社会生态技能，特别是在物种这些互动的机会是不容易获得。事实上，社会互动可以对物种和种群水平的文化和交流剧目产生深远的影响。然而，在何种程度上相互作用率与关联模式，这取决于个人和生态因素，往往被忽视。在这里，我们研究了在未成熟的社会行为的变化的来源，在活动和合作伙伴类型，在一个苏门答腊（Suaq）和一个婆罗洲人口（Tuanan）的野生猩猩（Pongo属）。它们的社交能力不同具体来说，我们研究了在社会交往中花费的时间和与特定社会伙伴的时间在多大程度上与研究人群有关，但也与个人（例如年龄），生态（食物供应）和社会变量（例如特定伙伴的存在）有关。总的来说，我们发现，研究人群和特定的联营公司（兄弟姐妹，同龄人，成年男性）的存在对不同的社会活动的发生产生了深远的影响，而当地的食物供应的变化似乎没有发挥重要作用。尽管在Suaq，花费在互动上的时间比例总体上更高，但我们发现，当合作伙伴可用时，两个网站在互动机会的使用方面没有差异。乞讨主要是针对母亲，而同龄人和年长的兄弟姐妹主要是作为游戏伙伴，和unflanded男性经常的目标，社会凝视。我们的研究表明，红毛猩猩婴儿使用的互动机会不同，这取决于社会伙伴和互动类型。(C)2020年，任作家。由Elsevier Ltd代表动物行为研究协会出版。
Temporary associations with conspecifics provide critical opportunities for the acquisition and development of socioecological skills, especially in species where these interaction opportunities are not readily available. In fact, social interactions can have far-reaching consequences for the cultural and communicative repertoire on both the species and population level. However, to what extent interaction rates are linked to association patterns, which depend on individual and ecological factors, is often overlooked. Here, we examined the sources of variation in immatures' social behaviour, in relation to both activity and partner type, in one Sumatran (Suaq) and one Bornean population (Tuanan) of wild orang-utans (Pongo spp.) that are known to differ in sociability. Specifically, we examined to what extent the time spent in social interactions and with specific social partners was related to study population, but also individual (e.g. age), ecological (food availability) and social variables (e.g. presence of specific associates). Overall, we found that study population and the presence of specific associates (siblings, peers, adult males) had a profound effect on the occurrence of different social activities, while local variation in food availability did not appear to play a major role. Although proportions of time spent in interactions was overall higher at Suaq, we found no difference between the two sites regarding the use of interaction opportunities when partners were available. Begging was mainly directed at mothers, whereas peers and older siblings served primarily as play partners, and unflanged males were frequent targets of social gazing. Our study suggests that orang-utan infants use interaction opportunities differently depending on social partners and interaction type. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.