Executive function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: stimulant medication and better executive function performance in children
Executive function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: stimulant medication and better executive function performance in children
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291799008338
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发表时间：
1999-05-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Pantelis, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kempton, S;Vance, A;Pantelis, C
背景。注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 儿童的执行功能缺陷已被多次报道。兴奋剂药物已被证明可以有效改善大多数执行功能任务的认知表现，但对该人群执行功能的神经心理学测试却得出了不一致的结果。方法论的局限性可以解释这些不一致。本研究旨在通过使用计算机化电池——剑桥神经心理学测试自动电池（CANTAB）来测量接受药物治疗和未接受药物治疗的 ADHD 儿童的执行功能，该电池对患有额纹状体神经损伤的老年患者的执行功能缺陷敏感。对 30 名 ADHD 儿童的执行功能进行了评估：15 名未接受过兴奋剂药物治疗，15 名接受了兴奋剂药物治疗。将这两组与 15 名年龄、性别和智商匹配的对照组进行比较。结果。未经药物治疗的多动症儿童在空间短期记忆、空间工作记忆、设定转换能力和计划能力等执行功能任务上表现出特定的认知障碍。空间识别记忆也受到损害，与样本的匹配延迟，而模式识别记忆却完好无损。除了空间识别记忆缺陷外，接受药物治疗的多动症儿童在上述任何执行功能任务上均未受到损害。结论。 ADHD 与执行功能缺陷有关。兴奋剂药物与更好的执行功能表现相关。需要进行前瞻性后续研究来检验这些影响。
Background. Executive function deficits have been reported repeatedly in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Stimulant medication has been shown to be effective in improving cognitive performance on most executive function tasks, but neuropsychological tests of executive function in this population have yielded inconsistent results. Methodological limitations may explain these inconsistencies. This study aimed to measure executive function in medicated and non-medicated children with ADHD by using a computerized battery, the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), which is sensitive to executive function deficits in older patients with frontostriatal neurological impairments.Methods. Executive function was assessed in 30 children with ADHD: 15 were stimulant medication naive and 15 were treated with stimulant medication. These two groups were compared to 15 age, sex and IQ matched controls.Results. The unmedicated children with ADHD displayed specific cognitive impairments on executive function tasks of spatial short-term memory, spatial working memory, set-shifting ability and planning ability. Impairments were also seen on spatial recognition memory and delayed matching to sample, while pattern recognition memory remained intact. The medicated children with ADHD were not impaired on any of the above executive function tasks except for deficits in spatial recognition memory.Conclusions. ADHD is associated with deficits in executive function. Stimulant medication is associated with better executive function performance. Prospective follow-up studies are required to examine these effects.