Value-driven attentional capture
Value-driven attentional capture
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1104047108
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发表时间：
2011-06-21
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Yantis, Steven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anderson, Brian A.;Laurent, Patryk A.;Yantis, Steven
注意力选择了感官输入的哪些方面被带到意识中。为了促进生存和幸福，注意力会根据特定的目标（例如，例如，在一个实施例中，寻找车钥匙），和不自觉地，通过注意力捕获驱动的物理突出性（e。例如，在一个实施例中，看向一个突然的噪音）。有价值的刺激强烈调节自愿注意分配，但很少有证据表明，高价值，但上下文无关的刺激捕获注意作为奖励学习的结果。在这里，我们表明，一个显着的目标的视觉搜索是由一个不显眼的，任务无关的项目，以前与金钱奖励在一个简短的培训课程的存在放缓。因此，任意的或中性的刺激通过联想学习而充满了价值，在消退过程中强烈而持久地捕获注意力，而不依赖于目标和显著性。对这种价值驱动的注意力捕获的脆弱性在具有工作记忆容量和特质冲动的个体中存在协变。这种独特的注意力捕获形式可以提供一个有用的模型，用于调查临床综合征中认知控制的失败，其中分配给刺激的值与行为目标相冲突（例如，成瘾、肥胖）。
Attention selects which aspects of sensory input are brought to awareness. To promote survival and well-being, attention prioritizes stimuli both voluntarily, according to context-specific goals (e. g., searching for car keys), and involuntarily, through attentional capture driven by physical salience (e. g., looking toward a sudden noise). Valuable stimuli strongly modulate voluntary attention allocation, but there is little evidence that high-value but contextually irrelevant stimuli capture attention as a consequence of reward learning. Here we show that visual search for a salient target is slowed by the presence of an inconspicuous, task-irrelevant item that was previously associated with monetary reward during a brief training session. Thus, arbitrary and otherwise neutral stimuli imbued with value via associative learning capture attention powerfully and persistently during extinction, independently of goals and salience. Vulnerability to such value-driven attentional capture covaries across individuals with working memory capacity and trait impulsivity. This unique form of attentional capture may provide a useful model for investigating failures of cognitive control in clinical syndromes in which value assigned to stimuli conflicts with behavioral goals (e.g., addiction, obesity).