An Alternative Conceptualization of Political Tolerance: Illusory Increases 1950s–1970s
An Alternative Conceptualization of Political Tolerance: Illusory Increases 1950s–1970s
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政治宽容的另一种概念：1950 年代至 70 年代的虚幻增加
DOI：
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
G. Marcus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Sullivan;James E. Piereson;G. Marcus
本文提出了政治容忍的另一种概念化，以及与该概念化相一致的新的测量策略，以及基于该测量策略的一些新的发现。简而言之，我们认为，宽容假定了对一个群体或一种想法的政治反对，如果没有这样的反对，宽容的问题也不会出现。基于这种理解，我们认为，之前衡量耐受性的努力都失败了，因为他们询问了受访者关于调查人员预先选择的小组的情况。那些被选为衡量容忍度的参照点的群体通常都是左翼人士。我们的衡量策略允许受访者自己选择他们强烈反对的政治团体。然后，他们被问到一系列问题，以测试他们准备在多大程度上将程序性索赔扩大到这些自我选择的目标。使用这种方法，我们发现在20世纪50年代和70年代之间，美国的容忍水平几乎没有变化，这一结果与最近关于这个问题的研究相矛盾。
This article proposes an alternative conceptualization of political tolerance, a new measurement strategy consistent with that conceptualization, and some new findings based upon this measurement strategy. Briefly put, we argue that tolerance presumes a political objection to a group or to an idea, and if such an objection does not arise, neither does the problem of tolerance. Working from this understanding, we argue that previous efforts to measure tolerance have failed because they have asked respondents about groups preselected by the investigators. Those groups selected as points of reference in measuring tolerance have generally been of a leftist persuasion. Our measurement strategy allowed respondents themselves to select a political group to which they were strongly opposed. They were then asked a series of questions testing the extent to which they were prepared to extend procedural claims to these self-selected targets. Using this approach, we found little change between the 1950s and the 1970s in levels of tolerance in the United States, a result that contradicts much recent research on the problem.