Are Executive Functioning Deficits Concurrently and Predictively Associated with Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents?
Are Executive Functioning Deficits Concurrently and Predictively Associated with Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents?
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DOI：
10.1080/15374416.2015.1041592
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Klimes-Dougan B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Han G;Helm J;Iucha C;Zahn-Waxler C;Hastings PD;Klimes-Dougan B
本研究的主要目的是评估执行功能（EF），特别是认知灵活性，是如何与青春期焦虑和抑郁症状同时和预测相关的。青少年（N = 220）及其父母参与本纵向调查。初步评估时采用威斯康辛卡片分类测验（WCST）评估青少年EF，两年后母亲和青少年同时报告抑郁和焦虑障碍症状。相关分析表明，犯更多总错误（TE）的青少年，包括持久性错误（PE）和非持久性错误（NPE），同时表现出更多的抑郁症状。有更多情感体验的青少年和有更多非情感体验的青少年两年后往往有更多的焦虑症状。SEM分析解释了关键的解释变量（如智商、破坏性行为障碍和注意缺陷多动障碍），结果表明TE与父母报告的青少年抑郁症状同时相关。结果表明，内化精神病理与全局性（TE）和非特异性（NPE） EF困难相关，但与认知不灵活性（PE）相关性不强。未来的WCST研究应该考虑不同的错误来源，这些错误被认为反映了不同的潜在神经机制，赋予新出现的心理健康问题不同的脆弱性。
The central objective of the current study was to evaluate how executive functions (EF), and specifically cognitive flexibility, were concurrently and predictively associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescence. Adolescents (N = 220) and their parents participated in this longitudinal investigation. Adolescents’ EF was assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) during the initial assessment, and symptoms of depressive and anxiety disorders were reported by mothers and youths concurrently and two years later. Correlational analyses suggested that youths who made more total errors (TE), including both perseverative errors (PE) and non-perseverative errors (NPE), concurrently exhibited significantly more depressive symptoms. Adolescents who made more TE and those who made more NPE tended to have more anxiety symptoms two years later. SEM analyses accounting for key explanatory variables (e.g., IQ, disruptive behavior disorders, and attention deficit hyperactive disorder) showed that TE was concurrently associated with parent reports of adolescent depressive symptoms. The results suggest internalizing psychopathology is associated with global (TE) and nonspecific (NPE) EF difficulties, but not robustly associated with cognitive inflexibility (PE). Future research with the WCST should consider different sources of errors which are posited to reflect divergent underlying neural mechanisms, conferring differential vulnerability for emerging mental health problems.