Environmental distribution of acetochlor, atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and propisochlor under field conditions
Environmental distribution of acetochlor, atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and propisochlor under field conditions
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DOI：
10.1021/jf010187t
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发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Pásztor, Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Konda, LN;Pásztor, Z
在正常天气条件下，对5个月的野外环境条件下乙草胺、阿特拉津、毒死蜱和异草胺的环境行为、迁移、分布、持久性和降雨径流进行了研究。在每次径流事件发生后，每隔两周测量0-5 cm和5-20 cm土壤深度、沉积物和径流水样中的农药浓度（收集自实验地块下部的人工水库）。还监测了流经地块最低部分的一条溪流的污染情况。实验现场的天气状况也被记录下来。采用氮磷选择性检测器（GC-NPD）毛细管气相色谱仪对农药残留进行定量分析。喷施后0 ~ 5 cm土层农药残留量随时间的延长呈下降趋势。在治疗后140天，只存在阿特拉津和毒死蜱；该土层未检出乙草胺和异草胺。5 ~ 20 cm土层均可检出莠去津和毒死蜱，而乙草胺和异草胺均未检出。农药在地表径流过程中的损失和河流的污染与处理后的降雨时间和试验区的降雨量密切相关。损失主要取决于地面降雨量和强度。水流中检测到的阿特拉津和乙草胺的最大残留量比欧盟规定的环境和饮用水最大残留限量（单个化合物0.1杯/L，总农药0.5杯/L）高出1个数量级。在该基质中未检出毒死蜱和异丙氯。
The environmental behavior, movement, distribution, persistence, and runoff by rainfall of the pesticides acetochlor, atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and propisochlor were studied under field conditions during a five-month period at normal weather conditions. The pesticide concentrations in soil depths of 0-5 and 5-20 cm, and in sediment and runoff water samples (collected from an artificial reservoir built in the lower part of the experimental plot) were measured every second week and following every runoff event. The contamination of a stream running across the lowest part of the plot was also monitored. The weather conditions were also recorded at the experimental site. The pesticide residues were quantified by a capillary gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen phosphorus selective detector (GC-NPD). There was a consistent decrease in pesticide residues in the 0-5 cm soil layer with time after spaying. At 140 days after treatment only atrazine and chlorpyrifos were present; acetochlor and propisochlor were not detected in this soil layer. Atrazine and chlorpyrifos in the soil at a depth of 5-20 cm. were detectable during the whole experimental interval, whereas acetochlor and propisochlor concentrations were below the limit of detection. Pesticide losses by the surface runoff process and the contamination of the stream were closely related to the time of rainfall elapsed after treatment and amount of rain at the experimental plots. Losses were primarily dependent on surface rainfall volume and intensity. The maximum detected residues of atrazine and acetochlor in streamwater were 1 order of magnitude higher than the maximum residue limit specified by the European Union (EU) for environmental and drinking water (0.1 mug/L for individual compounds and 0.5 mug/L for total pesticides). Chlorpyrifos and propisochlor were not detected in this matrix.