Protective role of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer
Protective role of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/73.2.451s
复制
发表时间：
2001-02-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Pool-Zobel, BL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wollowski, I;Rechkemmer, G;Pool-Zobel, BL
摄取活的益生菌或益生元与抗癌作用有关，其机制之一是肠道中的遗传毒素解毒。通过使用大鼠结肠癌致癌物1，2-二甲基肼，并通过确定从肿瘤形成到诱导DNA损伤的终点，在动物身上实验证明了这一机制。由于癌症起始、癌症进展和癌症在肠道中暴露的复杂性，可以设想多种类型的相互作用。值得注意的是，我们的一些新研究表明，从保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌发酵的牛奶中分离出的短期代谢物混合物在抑制结肠癌发生的病因风险因素方面比微生物的细胞成分更有效。摄入益生元会导致不同的发酵产物，包括产生高浓度的短链脂肪酸。肠道菌群，特别是在摄入抗性淀粉后，诱导大鼠结肠中的化学预防酶谷胱甘肽转移酶IR。这些因素加在一起，导致肠道中遗传毒性物质的负荷减少，而使有毒成分失活的物质产量增加。丁酸盐就是这样一种保护剂，与降低癌症风险有关。最近的研究表明，丁氰菊酯可以抑制亚硝胺和过氧化氢对人结肠细胞的遗传毒性作用。在人类中，摄取益生菌会导致尿液排泄，其中低浓度的成分对人类结肠细胞具有遗传毒性，而高浓度的成分可诱导DNA碱基氧化。
Ingestion of viable probiotics or prebiotics is associated with anticarcinogenic effects, one mechanism of which is the detoxification of genotoxins in the gut. This mechanism was shown experimentally in animals with use of the rat colon carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and by determining endpoints that range from tumorigenesis to induction of DNA damage. Because of the complexity of cancer initiation, cancer progression, and the exposure of cancer in the gut, many types of interactions may be envisaged. Notably, some of our newer studies showed that short-lived metabolite mixtures isolated from milk that was fermented with strains of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus are more effective in deactivating etiologic risk factors of colon carcinogenesis than are cellular components of microorganisms. Ingestion of prebiotics results in a different spectrum of fermentation products, including the production of high concentrations of short-chain fatty acids. Gut flora, especially after the ingestion of resistant starch, induces the chemopreventive enzyme glutathione transferase ir in the colon of the rat. Together, these factors lead to a reduced load of genotoxic agents in the gut and to an increased production of agents that deactivate toxic components. Butyrate is one such protective agent and is associated with lowering cancer risk. It was recently shown that buytrate may inhibit the genotoxic activity of nitrosamides and hydrogen peroxide in human colon cells. In humans, the ingestion of probiotics leads to the excretion of urine with low concentrations of components that are genotoxic in human colon cells and high concentrations of components that induce oxidized DNA bases.