Environmental and ecological water requirements of a river system: a case study of the Haihe-Luanhe River system
Environmental and ecological water requirements of a river system: a case study of the Haihe-Luanhe River system
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DOI：
10.18172/cig.1132
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Li-Juan Li-Li-Juan-Li-39889548;Hong-xing Zheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li-Juan Li-Li-Juan-Li-39889548;Hong-xing Zheng
为了减少水资源管理和利用所带来的环境和生态问题，本文提出了环境需水量的概念。它是指自然水体为保持其环境生态功能所需消耗的最小水量。在此基础上，确定了环境生态需水量的计算方法。以海河-滦河水系为例，将需水量分为三部分，河流的基本流量、沉积物迁移的需水量和湖泊或沼泽地蒸发的耗水量。计算结果表明，该水系的环境生态需水量约为124 × 108 m3，其中基本来水量为57 × 108 m3，输沙量为63 × 108 m3，湖泊净蒸发损失量为4 × 108 m3。环境生态需水量占径流量（228 × 108 m3）的54%。但也应该看到，环境生态需水量必然比我们计算的要多。据此认为，流域径流的合理利用率不应超过40%。目前，长江水系的利用率已超过80%，远远超出了限制，环境和生态问题十分严重。为了消除水资源开发利用中存在的问题，避免潜在的生态或环境危机，必须对水资源开发利用进行控制和调整。简历：为了减少环境问题，通过管理和使用水力循环，这是一项支持水环境要求的工作。它定义了水的最小可调性，即水的最小可调性在水的天然基质中起德贝作用，以保护水的生态功能。这部分定义是可以确定的--因为这些方法是计算所需的数据的方法。在海河-滦河水系中，水文学要求分为三部分：底部水流、沉积物输送用的水和拉各斯和湖泊蒸发用的水。埃尔雷塞尔塔多-德尔
In order to reduce the environmental and ecological pr o - blems induced by water resources management and use, this paper propo - ses a concept of environmenta water requirement. It is defined as the mini- mum water amount to be consumed by the natural water bodies to conser - ve its environmental and ecological functions. Based on the definition, the methods for calculating the amount of environmental and ecological water requirement are determined. In the case study on Haihe-Luanhe river system, the water requirement is divided into three parts, i.e., the basic in- stream flow, water requirement for sediment transfer and water consump - tion by evaporation of the lakes or everglades. The results of the calcula- tion show that the environmental and ecological water requirement in the river system is about 124x108 m3, including 57x108 m3 for basic in-str e - am flow, 63x108 m3 for sediment transfer and 4x108 m3 for net evapora- tion loss of lakes. The total amount of environmental and ecological water requirement accounts for 54% of the amount of runoff (228x108 m3). However, it should be realized that the amount of environmental and eco- logical water requirement must be more than that we have calculated. According to this result, we consider that the rational utilization rate of the runoff in the river systems must not be more than 40%. Since the cur rent utilization rate of the river system, which is over 80%, has been far beyond the limitation, the problems of environment and ecology are quite serious. It is imperative to control and adjust water development and utilization to eliminate the existing problems and to avoid the potential ecological or environmental crisis. RESUMEN: Con el fin de reducir los problemas ambientales inducidos por la gestion y uso de los recursos hidricos, este trabajo propone el con - cepto de requisitos ambientales del agua. Se define como la minima canti - dad de agua que debe mantenerse en las masas naturales de agua para conservar sus funciones ecologicas. A partir de esta definicion se estable- cen los metodos de calculo de tales requisitos. En el caso del sistema del rio Haihe-Luanhe, el requisito hidrologico se divide en tres partes: el flujo basico en el cauce, el agua necesaria para el transporte de sedimento y el agua consumida por evaporacion en lagos y humedales. El resultado del