STUDIES ON IMMUNITY IN ANTHRAX IV
STUDIES ON IMMUNITY IN ANTHRAX IV
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炭疽 IV 的免疫研究
作者：
M. Puziss;G. Wright
在这些实验室以前的一份报告中描述了炭疽杆菌保护性抗原在化学定义的非蛋白质介质中的阐述(Wright等人，1954)。该培养基由17种氨基酸、谷氨酰胺、腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、尿嘧啶、硫胺素、葡萄糖、碳酸氢钠和无机盐组成。炭疽杆菌培养物在介质中的无菌滤液在兔、豚鼠和猴子中产生有效免疫；在兔中诱导显著免疫所需的剂量与炭疽病皮损的水肿液的剂量相同(Cromartie等人，1947)。对培养液成分的某些微小修改显著影响了抗原的效力，这表明抗原的形成与有机体的一种特定类型的代谢活动有关。进一步了解精制抗原的条件是可取的，以促进实际规模的抗原生产，表明抗原精制与生物体生长的一般关系，并为研究这种一般类型的胞外抗原在其他生物体中的存在和意义提供所需的信息。因此，更详细地研究了培养基组分和生长条件与保护性抗原积累的某些关系；发现有可能对培养基组分和培养条件进行相当大的简化和改进。这些结果暗示了关于与抗原精制相关的代谢过程的某些初步推断。
Elaboration of the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis in a chemically defined, nonprotein medium was described in a previous report from these laboratories (Wright et al., 1954). This medium, referred to as 528 medium, was composed of 17 amino acids, glutamine, adenine, guanine, uracil, thiamin, glucose, sodium bicarbonate, and inorganic salts. Sterile filtrates of cultures of B. anthracis in the medium produced effective immunity in rabbits, guinea pigs, and monkeys; the dose required to induce significant immunity in rabbits was of the same order as that of the edema fluid of anthrax lesions (Cromartie et al., 1947). Certain minor modifications in the composition of the medium markedly influenced the antigenic potency, suggesting that elaboration of antigen is associated with a particular type of metabolic activity of the organism. Further knowledge of the conditions for elaboration of antigen was desirable to facilitate production of antigen on a practical scale, to indicate the general relationship of antigen elaboration to growth of the organism, and to provide information desirable for investigating the existence and significance of extracellular antigens of this general type in other organisms. Certain relationships of constituents of the medium and conditions of growth to accumulation of protective antigen were therefore investigated in greater detail; considerable simplification and improvement of the medium and cultural conditions were found to be possible. The results suggest certain preliminary inferences regarding the metabolic processes associated with elaboration of antigen.