TORC1 suppression predicts responsiveness to RAF and MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutant melanoma.

TORC1 suppression predicts responsiveness to RAF and MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutant melanoma.
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DOI:
10.1126/scitranslmed.3005753
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发表时间:
2013-07-31
影响因子:
17.1
通讯作者:
Engelman JA
Engelman JA
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Corcoran RB;Rothenberg SM;Hata AN;Faber AC;Piris A;Nazarian RM;Brown RD;Godfrey JT;Winokur D;Walsh J;Mino-Kenudson M;Maheswaran S;Settleman J;Wargo JA;Flaherty KT;Haber DA;Engelman JA

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RAF和MEK(促分裂原活化或细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶激酶)抑制剂可有效治疗BRAF突变型黑色素瘤患者。然而,大多数反应是部分和短暂的,许多患者根本没有反应。我们发现,抑制TORC 1活性响应RAF或MEK抑制剂,作为衡量减少核糖体蛋白S6(P-S6)的磷酸化,有效地预测诱导细胞死亡的抑制剂在BRAF突变型黑色素瘤细胞系。在耐药的黑色素瘤中,TORC 1活性在用RAF或MEK抑制剂治疗后保持,在某些情况下,尽管有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号转导被强烈抑制。在体内小鼠模型中,MAPK抑制后TORC 1的抑制是诱导细胞凋亡和肿瘤反应所必需的。最后,在治疗前和开始RAF抑制剂治疗后从BRAF突变型黑色素瘤患者获得的配对活检中,P-S6抑制预测无进展生存期显著改善。P-S6的这种变化可以通过连续细针抽吸活检在真实的时间内容易地监测,使得P-S6的定量成为指导BRAF突变型黑色素瘤治疗的有价值的生物标志物。
RAF and MEK (mitogen-activated or extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase kinase) inhibitors are effective in treating patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, most responses are partial and short-lived, and many patients fail to respond at all. We found that suppression of TORC1 activity in response to RAF or MEK inhibitors, as measured by decreased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (P-S6), effectively predicted induction of cell death by the inhibitor in BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines. In resistant melanomas, TORC1 activity was maintained after treatment with RAF or MEK inhibitors, in some cases despite robust suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. In in vivo mouse models, suppression of TORC1 after MAPK inhibition was necessary for induction of apoptosis and tumor response. Finally, in paired biopsies obtained from patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma before treatment and after initiation of RAF inhibitor therapy, P-S6 suppression predicted significantly improved progression-free survival. Such a change in P-S6 could be readily monitored in real time by serial fine-needle aspiration biopsies, making quantitation of P-S6 a valuable biomarker to guide treatment in BRAF-mutant melanoma.
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