OPTIMAL MUSCULAR COORDINATION STRATEGIES FOR JUMPING
OPTIMAL MUSCULAR COORDINATION STRATEGIES FOR JUMPING
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DOI：
10.1016/0021-9290(91)90321-d
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发表时间：
1991-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
ZAJAC, FE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PANDY, MG;ZAJAC, FE
本文基于跳跃的触地阶段肌肉如何加速并为身体各节提供动力，详细分析了最大高度深蹲跳的最佳控制解决方案。模型和实验结果的定量比较揭示了肌肉激活的从近端到远端的顺序（即从臀部到膝盖到脚踝）。我们发现肌肉的贡献主导了各节段的角加速度和瞬时功率。然而，重力和分段运动的贡献并不显着，除非后者在跳跃的最后 10% 期间变得重要。股二头肌和臀大肌是下肢的主要能量产生者。这些肌肉是下肢的主要运动者，因为它们控制着髋部伸展的角加速度和躯干的瞬时力量。相比之下，踝关节跖屈肌（比目鱼肌、腓肠肌和其他跖屈肌）主导着大腿的总能量，尽管这些肌肉在跳跃的最后 20% 期间也对躯干力量做出了相当大的贡献。因此，这些肌肉对整体跳跃表现的贡献不容忽视。我们发现腓肠肌双关节使跳跃高度（即站立时身体质心的净垂直位移）增加了 25% 之多。然而，这种增加并不是由于任何独特的双关节动作（例如从膝关节到踝关节的近端到远端的动力传递），因为当腓肠肌被单关节踝跖屈肌取代时，跳跃性能是相似的。
This paper presents a detailed analysis of an optimal control solution to a maximum height squat jump, based upon how muscles accelerate and contribute power to the body segments during the ground contact phase of jumping. Quantitative comparisons of model and experimental results expose a proximal-to-distal sequence of muscle activation (i.e. from hip to knee to ankle). We found that the contribution of muscles dominates both the angular acceleration and the instaneous power of the segments. However, the contributions of gravity and segmental motion are insignificant, except the latter become important during the final 10% of the jump. Vasti and gluteus maximus muscles are the major energy producers of the lower extremity. These muscles are the prime movers of the lower extremity because they dominate the angular acceleration of the hip toward extension and the instaneous power of the trunk. In contrast, the ankle plantarflexors (soleus, gastrocnemius, and the other plantarflexors) dominate the total energy of the thigh, though these muscles also contribute appreciably to trunk power during the final 20% of the jump. Therefore, the contribution of these muscles to overall jumping performance cannot be neglected. We found that the biarticular gastrocnemius increases jump height (i.e. the net vertical displacement of the center of mass of the body from standing) by as much as 25%. However, this increase is not due to any unique biarticular action (e.g. proximal-to-distal power transfer from the knee to the ankle), since jumping performance is similar when gastrocnemius is replaced with a uniarticular ankle plantarflexor.