Interfacial Solar Evaporation by a 3D Graphene Oxide Stalk for Highly Concentrated Brine Treatment
Interfacial Solar Evaporation by a 3D Graphene Oxide Stalk for Highly Concentrated Brine Treatment
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.1c04010
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发表时间：
2021-11-05
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Mi, Baoxia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Finnerty, Casey T. K.;Menon, Akanksha K.;Mi, Baoxia
在这项工作中，我们展示了一种三维氧化石墨烯（3D GO）茎，其在毛细芯吸极限附近工作，以在1个太阳条件下（1 kW/m（2））实现34.7 kg m（-2）h（-1）的蒸发通量。这种通量比传统的太阳能蒸发池提高了近100倍。界面太阳能蒸发传统上使用2D蒸发器使用阳光蒸发水，但其低蒸发水通量限制了其用于脱盐的实用性。最近一些使用3D蒸发器的研究表明了更有效的水传输的潜力，但由于蒸发面积指数（EAI）较低，通量的改善一直是微不足道的，EAI被定义为总蒸发表面积与投影地面面积的比率。通过使用3D GO茎，其具有70的EAI，我们实现了比2D GO蒸发器近20倍的增强。3D GO茎杆还表现出额外的优点，包括全方位的阳光利用，在黑暗条件下由于更有效地利用环境加热而产生的高蒸发通量，通过引入风而显著增加的蒸发速率，以及在蒸发盐含量高达17.5wt%的盐水中的抗结垢性。这种性能使得3D GO杆非常适合开发低成本、占地面积小的技术，用于盐水管理应用中的零液体排放。
In this work, we demonstrate a 3-dimensional graphene oxide (3D GO) stalk that operates near the capillary wicking limit to achieve an evaporation flux of 34.7 kg m(-2) h(-1) under 1 sun conditions (1 kW/m(2)). This flux represents nearly a 100 times enhancement over a conventional solar evaporation pond. Interfacial solar evaporation traditionally uses 2D evaporators to vaporize water using sunlight, but their low evaporative water flux limits their practical applicability for desalination. Some recent studies using 3D evaporators demonstrate potential for more efficient water transfer, but the flux improvement has been marginal because of a low evaporation area index (EAI), which is defined as the ratio of the total evaporative surface area to the projected ground area. By using a 3D GO stalk with an ultrahigh EAI of 70, we achieved nearly a 20-fold enhancement over a 2D GO evaporator. The 3D GO stalk also exhibited additional advantages including omnidirectional sunlight utilization, a high evaporation flux under dark conditions from more efficient utilization of ambient heating, a dramatic increase of the evaporation rate by introducing wind, and scaling resistance in evaporating brines with a salt content of up to 17.5 wt %. This performance makes the 3D GO stalk well suited for the development of a low-cost, reduced footprint technology for zero liquid discharge in brine management applications.