A PET study of the neural systems of stuttering
A PET study of the neural systems of stuttering
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DOI：
10.1038/382158a0
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发表时间：
1996-07-11
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Lancaster, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fox, PT;Ingham, RJ;Lancaster, JL
口吃的原因不明（1）。左半球未能发展出语言优势是一个长期存在的理论（1），尽管其他人更广泛地涉及运动系统（2），通常假设右半球（语言非优势）过度活跃（3）。随着对运动回路的了解不断深入（4），口吃的理论在解剖学上变得更加具体，假设运动前皮层活动过度，直接（5）或通过与丘脑和基底神经节的连接（6），替代理论针对听觉（7）和言语产生（8，9）系统。通过使用正电子发射断层扫描结合合唱阅读诱导流利的对比口吃与流利的语言，我们发现支持这些假设，口吃引起广泛的过度激活的运动系统在大脑和小脑，右脑优势。口吃阅读缺乏听觉系统的左偏激活，这被认为是支持言语的自我监控，并选择性地失活涉及言语产生的额颞系统。诱导流畅性减少或消除了大多数运动区域的过度活动，并在很大程度上逆转了听觉系统的激活不足和言语产生系统的失活。因此，口吃是一种影响用于说话的多个神经系统的疾病。
THE cause of stuttering is unknown(1). Failure to develop left-hemispheric dominance for speech is a long-standing theory(1) although others implicate the motor system more broadly(2), often postulating hyperactivity of the right (language nondominant) cerebral hemisphere(3). As knowledge of motor circuitry has advanced(4), theories of stuttering have become more anatomically specific, postulating hyperactivity of premotor cortex, either directly(5) or through connectivity with the thalamus and basal ganglia(6), Alternative theories target the auditory(7) and speech productions(8,9) systems. By contrasting stuttering with fluent speech using positron emission tomography combined with chorus reading to induce fluency, we found support for each of these hypotheses, Stuttering induced widespread over-activations of the motor system in both cerebrum and cerebellum, with right cerebral dominance. Stuttered reading lacked left-lateralized activations of the auditory system, which are thought to support the self-monitoring of speech, and selectively deactivated a frontal-temporal system implicated in speech production, Induced fluency decreased or eliminated the overactivity in most motor areas, and largely reversed the auditory-system underactivations and the deactivation of the speech production system. Thus stuttering is a disorder affecting the multiple neural systems used for speaking.