Typical severe dust storms in northern China during 1954 —2002
Typical severe dust storms in northern China during 1954 —2002
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DOI：
10.1360/03wd0029
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发表时间：
2003-11
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Zijiang Zhou;Guocai Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zijiang Zhou;Guocai Zhang
利用中国681个国家气象站1954 ~ 2002年逐日观测资料，从天气过程、时空分布等方面构建了中国北方典型强沙尘暴时间序列，并分析了其演变趋势。结果表明：1954 ~ 2002年，中国北方发生了223次较典型的强沙尘暴，其中1979年4月10-12日的强沙尘暴影响范围最大。强沙尘暴主要发生在塔里木盆地、西北地区东部和华北北方地区，与沙漠、桑迪的地理分布和强冷空气爆发的路径密切相关。强沙尘暴发生最多的季节是春季，占全年的82.5%，最少的季节是夏秋两季。近49年来，强沙尘暴发生频率以20世纪50年代最高，90年代最低，总体呈下降趋势，2000-2002年相对增多。90年代强沙尘暴的平均持续时间最短，比其他40年缩短0.5 ~ 1h。
Based on China’s available daily observation data from 681 national meteorological stations from 1954 to 2002, a time series of typical severe dust storms in northern China is constructed in terms of the weather process, and the temporal and spatial distribution, and their evolution tendency is analyzed. The results indicate that there were 223 relatively typical severe dust storms in northern China from 1954 to 2002, among which the event on April 10–12, 1979 had the largest affected area. Closely associated with the geographical distribution of deserts, sandy lands and the tracks of strong cold air outbreaks, severe dust storms mainly occurred in the Tarim Basin, the eastern part of Northwest China and the northern part of North China. The season with the most frequent severe dust storms was spring, in which the frequency accounts for 82.5% in the whole year, while the least occurrence was in summer and autumn. During the past 49 years, the highest frequency of severe dust storms occurred in the 1950s and the lowest was in the 1990s with a general descending tendency, but during 2000–2002 the occurrence was relatively increasing. On the average, the duration of severe dust storms was shortest in the 1990s, about 0.5–1 h shorter than that in the other 4 decades.