Effects of Current Exercise and Diet on Late-Life Cognitive Health of Former College Football Players
Effects of Current Exercise and Diet on Late-Life Cognitive Health of Former College Football Players
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DOI：
10.3810/psm.2011.09.1916
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Bodling, Angela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hinton, Pamela S.;Johnstone, Brick;Bodling, Angela
目的：探讨运动和饮食习惯对前一级碰撞运动大学生运动员（即足球运动员）与非碰撞运动运动员和非碰撞运动运动员晚年认知健康的相对影响。方法：美国中西部某大学400名毕业生（平均年龄64.09岁，标准差13.32）完成自我报告调查，评估当前人口统计学/身体特征、运动、饮食、认知困难和身心健康状况。结果：与对照组相比，前足球运动员报告了更多的认知困难，以及更差的身心健康状况。在前足球运动员中，总脂肪和饱和脂肪及胆固醇摄入量较高、整体饮食质量较低与认知困难显著相关；目前的饮食摄入量与非碰撞运动运动员或非运动员的认知健康无关。预测认知困难的层次回归表明，收入与认知困难的减少呈正相关，预测了8%的方差；前足球运动员的身份又预测了2%的方差；作为一名足球运动员和总膳食脂肪摄入量之间的相互作用显著地预测了总方差的6%（总模型预测了16%的方差）。饮食中摄入更多的脂肪与认知困难增加有关，但这只发生在前足球运动员身上，而在对照组中没有。先前参加足球运动与较差的身心健康有关，而更频繁的剧烈运动与较高的身心健康评分有关。结论：前足球运动员比前非碰撞运动运动员和非运动员报告更多的晚年认知困难和更差的身心健康状况。本研究的一项新发现是，目前的饮食脂肪与更多的认知困难有关，但仅限于前足球运动员。这些结果表明，需要教育干预，鼓励健康的饮食习惯，以促进长期认知健康的碰撞运动运动员。
Objective: To determine the relative influence of current exercise and diet on the late-life cognitive health of former Division 1 collision-sport collegiate athletes (ie, football players) compared with noncollision sport athletes and non-athletes. Methods: Graduates (n = 400) of a Midwestern university (average age, 64.09 years; standard deviation, 13.32) completed a self-report survey to assess current demographics/physical characteristics, exercise, diet, cognitive difficulties, and physical and mental health. Results: Former football players reported more cognitive difficulties, as well as worse physical and mental health than controls. Among former football players, greater intake of total and saturated fat and cholesterol and lower overall diet quality were significantly correlated with cognitive difficulties; current dietary intake was not associated with cognitive health for the noncollision sport athletes or nonathletes. Hierarchical regressions predicting cognitive difficulties indicated that income was positively associated with fewer cognitive difficulties and predicted 8% of the variance; status as a former football player predicted an additional 2% of the variance; and the interaction between being a football player and total dietary fat intake significantly predicted an additional 6% of the total variance (total model predicted 16% of variance). Greater intake of dietary fat was associated with increased cognitive difficulties, but only in the former football players, and not in the controls. Prior participation in football was associated with worse physical and mental health, while more frequent vigorous exercise was associated with higher physical and mental health ratings. Conclusion: Former football players reported more late-life cognitive difficulties and worse physical and mental health than former noncollision sport athletes and nonathletes. A novel finding of the present study is that current dietary fat was associated with more cognitive difficulties, but only in the former football players. These results suggest the need for educational interventions to encourage healthy dietary habits to promote the long-term cognitive health of collision-sport athletes.