The Role of Distractors in Object Substitution Masking
The Role of Distractors in Object Substitution Masking
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DOI：
10.1037/xhp0000065
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Gellatly, Angus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camp, Sarah Jayne;Pilling, Michael;Gellatly, Angus
在对象替代掩蔽（OSM）中，周围的掩蔽（通常由4个点组成）开始于目标，但在偏移后徘徊;在这种情况下，感知目标的能力会显着降低。OSM最初被认为只发生在目标不是注意力的焦点时，例如，当嵌入在一系列干扰物中时（Di Lollo，恩斯，& Rensink，2000）。有人认为，分心物影响的时间所需的焦点注意到达目标。然而，最近的一些工作没有发现任何这样的干扰因素的影响;当采取措施避免最小集合尺寸条件下的天花板效应时，发现掩蔽持续时间的影响与集合尺寸无关（Argyropoulos，Gellatly，Pilling，& Carter，2013; Filmer，Mattingley，& Dux，2014）。在3个实验中，我们反复发现，设置大小操作可以与掩模持续时间（其中天花板和地板效应都不明显）相互作用，掩模对目标可感知性的影响根据干扰项的数量被放大。然而，进一步的实验（实验4）表明，拥挤的附近分心实际上是负责这种“集大小”的效果。当与拥挤分离时，集合大小本身并不与掩蔽相互作用，尽管它确实影响了整体准确性。因此，干扰物的存在确实会影响OSM，但不是以Di Lollo及其同事在他们的模型中最初假设的方式。拥挤X OSM相互作用表明，这两种现象涉及部分重叠的机制。
In object substitution masking (OSM) a surrounding mask (typically comprising of 4 dots) onsets with a target but lingers after offset; under such conditions, the ability to perceive the target can be significantly reduced. OSM was originally claimed to occur only when a target was not the focus of attention, for instance, when embedded in an array of distractors (Di Lollo, Enns, & Rensink, 2000). It was argued that the distractors influenced the time taken for focal attention to reach the target. Some recent work, however, failed to find any such distractor influence; the effect of mask duration was found to be independent of set size when steps were taken to avoid ceiling effects in the smallest set size condition (Argyropoulos, Gellatly, Pilling, & Carter, 2013; Filmer, Mattingley, & Dux, 2014). In 3 experiments, we repeatedly found that set size manipulations can interact with mask duration (in which neither ceiling nor floor effects are evident), with the effect of the mask on target perceptibility being amplified according to the number of distractor items. However, a further experiment (Experiment 4) showed that crowding by nearby distractors was actually responsible for this "set size" effect. When decoupled from crowding, set size alone did not interact with masking, though it did influence overall accuracy. Thus, the presence of distractors does influence OSM, but not in the way originally assumed by Di Lollo and colleagues in their model. The Crowding X OSM interaction suggests that the 2 phenomena involve partly overlapping mechanisms.