Pollination of the cycad Zamia incognita A. Lindstr. & Idárraga by Pharaxonotha beetles in the Magdalena Medio Valley, Colombia: a mutualism dependent on a specific pollinator and its significance for conservation
Pollination of the cycad Zamia incognita A. Lindstr. & Idárraga by Pharaxonotha beetles in the Magdalena Medio Valley, Colombia: a mutualism dependent on a specific pollinator and its significance for conservation
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哥伦比亚马格达莱纳梅迪奥山谷中苏铁 Zamia incognita A. Lindstr. 和 Idárraga 的授粉：依赖于特定授粉媒介的互利共生及其对保护的意义
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Juliana Cardona
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wendy A. Valencia;Dino Tuberquia;P. A. Guzmán;Juliana Cardona
Zamia属(Zamiaceae：苏铁目)在哥伦比亚表现出最大的多样性，受到栖息地丧失、用于观赏植物贸易的提取和采矿等因素的严重威胁。有效保护扎米亚最重要的考虑因素之一是其高度专业化的生殖生物学。尽管授粉对种群的生存能力很重要，但在哥伦比亚，还没有研究检查苏铁的授粉过程。在此，我们描述了南方泽米草的授粉过程。&idárraga，在自然种群中。通过选择性地排除风、甲虫或两者都不排除的方式进行了排除试验，结果表明，金龟子是南方泽米草的有效传粉者，风不起任何传粉媒介的作用。通过跟踪用荧光染料标记的甲虫，并直接观察甲虫在雌性球果和珠孔上的运动，我们证实了Pharaxonotha sp.是南方斑潜蝇的有效传粉者。从雄虫到雌虫的最大传播距离接近22m，最小距离为5m。我们在雄果中发现了金龟子，它们在那里完成了生活史。球果产生热量的昼夜节律与球果的伸长和花粉的脱落有关。球果温度的升高似乎在吸引甲虫方面发挥了重要作用。我们认为，珠孔上的授粉液滴将是对传粉者的奖励。我们还讨论了该Zamia物种与其他昆虫的关系，这些关系对保护网络相互作用具有重要意义。
The genus Zamia (Zamiaceae: Cycadales) exhibits its greatest diversity in Colombia and is highly threatened by habitat loss, extraction for ornamental plant trade, and mining, among other factors. One of the most important considerations for the effective conservation of Zamia is its highly specialized reproductive biology. Despite the importance of pollination for the populations’ viability, no studies have examined the pollination process of cycads in Colombia. Herein, we describe the pollination process of Zamia incognita A. Lindstr. & Idárraga, in a natural population. Exclusion experiments were performed by selectively excluding wind, beetles, both, or neither, which demonstrated that Pharaxonotha beetles are effective pollinators of Zamia incognita and that wind does not play any role as pollen vector. By following beetles marked with fluorescent dyes and directly observing beetle movements on and into female cones and micropyles, we confirmed that Pharaxonotha sp. is the effective pollinator of Z. incognita. The beetles traveled a maximum dispersal distance from a male to female cone of nearly 22 m and a minimum distance of 5 m. We found Pharaxonotha beetles in male cones, where they complete their life cycle. Cones produce heat in a circadian pattern associated with the elongation of the cones and pollen shedding. The increase in cones’ temperature appears to play an important role in beetle attraction. We suggest that pollination droplets on the micropyles would be a reward to pollinators. We also discuss the relationship of this Zamia species with other insects, which have important consequences for the conservation of web interactions.