The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis
The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis
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DOI：
10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Wager, TD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miyake, A;Friedman, NP;Wager, TD
这项个体差异研究检查了三种经常被假定的执行功能的可分离性——心理定势转换（“转变”）、信息更新和监控（“更新”）以及优势反应的抑制（“抑制”）——以及它们在复杂的“额叶”或“执行”任务中的作用。一百三十七名大学生执行了一组相对简单的实验任务，被认为主要挖掘每个目标执行功能以及一组常用的执行任务：威斯康星卡片分类测试（WCST）、河内塔（TOH）、随机数生成（RNG）、操作跨度和双重任务。验证性因素分析表明，三种目标执行功能彼此之间存在中等相关性，但又明显可分离。此外，结构方程模型表明，这三个功能对复杂执行任务的表现的贡献不同。具体来说，WCST 性能与转移、TOH 与抑制、RNG 与抑制和更新以及操作跨度与更新相关性最强。双重任务绩效与三个目标功能中的任何一个均无关。这些结果表明，认识到执行功能的统一性和多样性非常重要，并且潜变量分析是研究执行功能的组织和角色的有用方法。 (C) 2000 年学术出版社。
This individual differences study examined the separability of three often postulated executive functions-mental set shifting ("Shifting"), information updating and monitoring ("Updating"), and inhibition of prepotent responses ("Inhibition")-and their roles in complex "frontal lobe" or "executive" tasks. One hundred thirty-seven college students performed a set of relatively simple experimental tasks that an considered to predominantly tap each target executive function as well as a set of frequently used executive tasks: the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Tower of Hanoi (TOH), random number generation (RNG), operation span, and dual tasking. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the three target executive functions are moderately correlated with one another, but are clearly separable. Moreover, structural equation modeling suggested that the three functions contribute differentially to performance on complex executive tasks. Specifically, WCST performance was related most strongly to Shifting, TOH to Inhibition, RNG to Inhibition and Updating, and operation span to Updating. Dual task performance was not related to any of the three target functions. These results suggest that it is important to recognize both the unity and diversity of executive functions and that latent variable analysis is a useful approach to studying the organization and roles Of executive functions. (C) 2000 Academic Press.