Moraceae
Moraceae
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DOI：
10.7560/770683-027
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发表时间：
1995-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. G. Gilbert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. G. Gilbert
1中国科学院昆明植物研究所，云南昆明黑龙潭650204。2密苏里州植物园，c/o皇家植物园，基尤，里士满，萨里TW 9 3AE，英格兰，英国。乔木，灌木，藤本植物，或很少草本，经常具乳汁或水状的乳汁，有时多刺。托叶存在，经常早落。叶互生，很少对生;叶柄通常宿存和轮廓分明;单叶，有时具钟乳体，边缘全缘或浅裂，羽状脉或掌状。花序腋生，经常成对，总状，穗状，头状，或很少聚伞状，有时一榕果或隐锥具花完全藏于一中空的花托内。花单性（植株雌雄同株或异株），小到非常小。萼裂片（1或）2- 4（18），离生或合生，覆瓦状或镊合状。花冠无。雄花：雄蕊与萼裂片同数和对生（除了在Artocarpus里），在芽中直或内折;花药1或2室，新月形到顶形;退化雌蕊（不发育不育雌蕊）通常宿存。雌花：通常的萼裂片4;子房上级，半下位，或下位，1（或2）室;胚珠1每室，倒生或弯生;花柱分枝1或2;柱头通常丝状。果通常为核果，很少为瘦果，被一扩大的花萼包围和/或浸入一肉质花托，通常加入为合心皮果。种子单生胚乳宿存或无。
1 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, Peoples Republic of China. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, c/o Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, England, United Kingdom. Trees, shrubs, vines, or rarely herbs, frequently with milky or watery latex, sometimes spiny. Stipules present, frequently caducous. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite; petiole often present and well-defined; leaf blade simple, sometimes with cystoliths, margin entire or palmately lobed, venation pinnate or palmate. Inflorescences axillary, frequently paired, racemose, spicate, capitate, or rarely cymose, sometimes a fig or syconium with flowers completely enclosed within a hollow receptacle. Flowers unisexual (plants monoecious or dioecious), small to very small. Calyx lobes (1 or)24(8), free or connate, imbricate or valvate. Corolla absent. Male flowers: stamens as many as and opposite to calyx lobes (except in Artocarpus), straight or inflexed in bud; anthers 1or 2-loculed, crescent-shaped to top-shaped; pistillode (rudimentary sterile pistil) often present. Female flowers: calyx lobes usually 4; ovary superior, semi-inferior, or inferior, 1(or 2)-loculed; ovules 1 per locule, anatropous or campylotropous; style branches 1 or 2; stigmas usually filiform. Fruit usually a drupe, rarely an achene, enveloped by an enlarged calyx and/or immersed in a fleshy receptacle, often joined into a syncarp. Seed solitary; endosperm present or absent.