Racial disparities in health among nonpoor African Americans and Hispanics: The role of acute and chronic discrimination
Racial disparities in health among nonpoor African Americans and Hispanics: The role of acute and chronic discrimination
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.051
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Williams, David R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Colen, Cynthia G.;Ramey, David M.;Williams, David R.
在社会经济（SES）范围的高端，健康方面的种族差异往往更为明显。尽管获得高于平均水平的社会和经济资源，但非贫困的非洲裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人的健康状况比非贫困的白人要差得多。我们结合了 1979 年全国青少年纵向调查 (NLSY79) 的父母和孩子的数据来解决两个具体的研究目标。首先，我们生成 33 年期间的纵向 SES 轨迹，以估计社会经济流动性与不同种族/族裔群体（非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔）遭受歧视（急性和慢性）的相关程度。然后我们确定这些群体的社会经济地位与自评健康之间的不同关系是否可以通过更频繁地遭受不公平待遇来解释。对于白人来说，随着时间的推移，适度的收入增长会大大减少遭受急性和慢性歧视的机会。然而，与社会经济稳定的同龄人相比，向上流动的非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔美国人分别遭受严重和长期歧视的可能性要大得多。我们还发现，在这个具有全国代表性的向上流动的年轻人样本中，受到不公平待遇的差异性解释了很大一部分黑人/白人（而非西班牙裔/白人）的自评健康差距。目前的研究增加了关于不同种族的社会经济地位/健康梯度的形状在重要方面存在差异的争论，并为少数种族/族裔的健康回报递减假说提供了实证支持。 (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Racial disparities in health tend to be more pronounced at the upper ends of the socioeconomic (SES) spectrum. Despite having access to above average social and economic resources, nonpoor African Americans and Latinos report significantly worse health compared to nonpoor Whites. We combine data from the parents and children of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) to address two specific research aims. First, we generate longitudinal SES trajectories over a 33-year period to estimate the extent to which socioeconomic mobility is associated with exposure to discrimination (acute and chronic) across different racial/ethnic groups (nonHispanic Whites, nonHispanic Blacks, and Hispanics). Then we determine if the disparate relationship between SES and self-rated health across these groups can be accounted for by more frequent exposure to unfair treatment. For Whites, moderate income gains over time result in significantly less exposure to both acute and chronic discrimination. Upwardly mobile African Americans and Hispanics, however, were significantly more likely to experience acute and chronic discrimination, respectively, than their socioeconomically stable counterparts. We also find that differential exposure to unfair treatment explains a substantial proportion of the Black/White, but not the Hispanic/White, gap in self-rated health among this nationally representative sample of upwardly mobile young adults. The current study adds to the debate that the shape of the SES/health gradient differs, in important ways, across race and provides empirical support for the diminishing health returns hypothesis for racial/ethnic minorities. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.