Control of Movement Initiation Underlies the Development of Balance
Control of Movement Initiation Underlies the Development of Balance
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.003
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发表时间：
2017-02-06
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Schoppik, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ehrlich, David E.;Schoppik, David
平衡源自作用于身体的外力和内部产生的运动的相互作用。许多动物的身体本质上是不稳定的，需要纠正运动来保持稳定性。了解发育中的动物如何达到平衡仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们研究了斑马鱼幼虫平衡发展过程中环境、感觉和行动之间的相互作用。我们首先对挑战水下平衡的物理力进行建模，并通过实验证实幼虫会不断受到不稳定的影响。我们发现，幼虫在游泳时会推动身体，从而稳定身体。我们通过改变幼虫的身体成分、加剧不稳定性并引发更频繁的游泳来确认运动和平衡之间的关系。有趣的是，发育中的斑马鱼能够控制运动的启动，在不稳定时优先游泳，从而恢复首选姿势。为了测试运动驱动的稳定性和运动计时的发展控制的充分性，我们将两者纳入游泳的生成模型中。模拟幼虫重现了早期发育过程中观察到的姿势和运动时间，但前提是同时利用了运动驱动的稳定和运动启动的控制。我们得出的结论是，不稳定时的移动能力是斑马鱼幼虫平衡能力的关键发育改善。我们的工作揭示了新兴的感觉运动能力如何影响动物移动的方式和原因。
Balance arises from the interplay of external forces acting on the body and internally generated movements. Many animal bodies are inherently unstable, necessitating corrective locomotion to maintain stability. Understanding how developing animals come to balance remains a challenge. Here we study the interplay among environment, sensation, and action as balance develops in larval zebrafish. We first model the physical forces that challenge underwater balance and experimentally confirm that larvae are subject to constant destabilization. Larvae propel in swim bouts that, we find, tend to stabilize the body. We confirm the relationship between locomotion and balance by changing larval body composition, exacerbating instability and eliciting more frequent swimming. Intriguingly, developing zebrafish come to control the initiation of locomotion, swimming preferentially when unstable, thus restoring preferred postures. To test the sufficiency of locomotor-driven stabilization and the developing control of movement timing, we incorporate both into a generative model of swimming. Simulated larvae recapitulate observed postures and movement timing across early development, but only when locomotor-driven stabilization and control of movement initiation are both utilized. We conclude the ability to move when unstable is the key developmental improvement to balance in larval zebrafish. Our work informs how emerging sensorimotor ability comes to impact how and why animals move when they do.