Effects of personalized ventilation interventions on airborne infection risk and transmission between occupants
Effects of personalized ventilation interventions on airborne infection risk and transmission between occupants
复制标题
个性化通风干预对空气传播感染风险和乘员之间传播的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107008
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Peter V. Nielsen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chunwen Xu;Xiongxiong Wei;Li Liu;Li Su;Wenbing Liu;Yi Wang;Peter V. Nielsen
通过考虑两种具有不同PV对齐的场景，评估了个性化通风（PV）在防止乘员之间空气传播疾病方面的作用。PV可以促进呼出的病原体的运输的可能性进行了探讨，通过进行实验与液滴和应用PV源或/和目标人体模型。对目标吸入区飞沫的直接和间接暴露风险进行了估计，并根据其不同来源定义了这些暴露类型。基于剂量-反应模型，对典型的空气传播疾病甲型流感的感染风险进行了预测。结果表明，PV和传染性呼出气流之间的流动相互作用将通过两种方式促进乘员之间的空气传播。首先，应用光伏源造成超过90%的间接照射的目标。其次，直接从感染性呼气中夹带PV射流使靶的直接暴露增加了50%以上。因此，不同PV应用模式的这些场景表明，连续暴露于呼出的甲型流感病毒颗粒2小时将对应于范围为0.28至0.85的感染概率。这些结果意味着，PV可以防止感染，只有当它保持在吸入区，这可以通过减少感染性气流夹带和更高的清洁空气量实现高通风效率。改进的PV设计方法，可以最大限度地提高PV对人类微环境中疾病控制的积极影响进行了讨论。
The role of personalized ventilation (PV) in protecting against airborne disease transmission between occupants was evaluated by considering two scenarios with different PV alignments. The possibility that PV may facilitate the transport of exhaled pathogens was explored by performing experiments with droplets and applying PV to a source or/and a target manikin. The risk of direct and indirect exposure to droplets in the inhalation zone of the target was estimated, with these exposure types defined according to their different origins. The infection risk of influenza A, a typical disease transmitted via air, was predicted based on a dose-response model. Results showed that the flow interactions between PV and the infectious exhaled flow would facilitate airborne transmission between occupants in two ways. First, application of PV to the source caused more than 90% of indirect exposure of the target. Second, entrainment of the PV jet directly from the infectious exhalation increased direct exposure of the target by more than 50%. Thus, these scenarios for different PV application modes indicated that continuous exposure to exhaled influenza A virus particles for 2 h would correspond with an infection probability ranging from 0.28 to 0.85. These results imply that PV may protect against infection only when it is maintained with a high ventilation efficiency at the inhalation zone, which can be realized by reduced entrainment of infectious flow and higher clean air volume. Improved PV design methods that could maximize the positive effects of PV on disease control in the human microenvironment are discussed.