Characterization of human extreme heat exposure using an outdoor thermal manikin
Characterization of human extreme heat exposure using an outdoor thermal manikin
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171525
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发表时间：
2024-03-09
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Rykaczewski，Konrad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joshi，Ankit;Viswanathan，Shri H.;Rykaczewski，Konrad
极端高温是当前日益严重的全球健康问题。目前的热暴露模型包括决定热应激、舒适度和疾病风险的气象和人为因素。然而，辐射模型将人体简化为圆柱体，而对流模型则提供了相互矛盾的预测。为了解决这些问题，我们引入了一种新方法，以前所未有的细节来描述人类暴露在极端高温下的特征。我们使用室外热人体模型 (“ANDI”) 以及超声波风速计阵列和积分辐射测量 (IRM) 来测量 35 个体表区域的热负荷。我们表明，无论身体朝向如何，IRM 和 ANDI 即使在强阳光条件下也是一致的。此外，即使在高度湍流的情况下，身体部位也可以被视为圆柱体。这种基于几何的见解产生了全身对流相关性，解决了先前的冲突，并且适用于各种室内和室外风流。结果将为有关热防护、适应和缓解的决策提供信息。
Extreme heat is a current and growing global health concern. Current heat exposure models include meteorological and human factors that dictate heat stress, comfort, and risk of illness. However, radiation models simplify the human body to a cylinder, while convection ones provide conflicting predictions. To address these issues, we introduce a new method to characterize human exposure to extreme heat with unprecedented detail. We measure heat loads on 35 body surface zones using an outdoor thermal manikin (“ANDI”) alongside an ultrasonic anemometer array and integral radiation measurements (IRM). We show that regardless of body orientation, IRM and ANDI agree even under high solar conditions. Further, body parts can be treated as cylinders, even in highly turbulent flow. This geometry-rooted insight yields a whole-body convection correlation that resolves prior conflicts and is valid for diverse indoor and outdoor wind flows. Results will inform decision-making around heat protection, adaptation, and mitigation.