Bisphenol A in 24 h urine and plasma samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1995 to 2009: A retrospective exposure evaluation
Bisphenol A in 24 h urine and plasma samples of the German Environmental Specimen Bank from 1995 to 2009: A retrospective exposure evaluation
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DOI：
10.1038/jes.2012.39
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Bruening, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koch, Holger M.;Kolossa-Gehring, Marike;Bruening, Thomas
人类接触双酚 A (BPA) 的情况无处不在。暴露的程度及其毒理学相关性都存在争议。我们的目标是根据环境样本库中的 600 个 24 小时尿液样本和相应血浆样本，可靠地确定和评估 1995 年至 2009 年德国人口中 BPA 身体负担的程度。我们使用在线固相萃取高效液相色谱结合同位素稀释串联质谱法测定尿液和血浆中的总 BPA 和未结合 BPA，定量限 (LOQ) 为 0.1 μg/l。在储存的尿液中，总 BPA 的定量结果 > 96%（中位数：1.49 μg/l；第 95 个百分位：7.37 μg/l），而未结合的 BPA 仅在 < 15% 的样品中定量。总 BPA 浓度随着时间的推移而下降，但 24 小时尿量增加。因此，根据 24 小时尿液计算的每日摄入量保持相当稳定，中位数为 0.037，第 95 个百分位数为 0.171 微克 BPA/公斤体重/天。在 60 个相应的血浆样本中，总 BPA 水平通常低于 0.1 μg/l 的 LOQ，并且如果可以定量，大多数 BPA 是未结合的，因此暗示存在外部污染。我们认为尿液中的总 BPA 是 BPA 暴露评估最合适、最可靠的标志物（如果控制 BPA 污染）。尿液中的未结合 BPA 和血浆中的未结合或总 BPA（不能排除葡萄糖醛酸污染或分解）对于人体暴露评估没有价值。
Human exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) is omnipresent. Both the extent of the exposure and its toxicological relevance are controversially discussed. We aim to reliably determine and evaluate the extent of BPA body burden in the German population from 1995 to 2009 based on 600 24 h urine samples and corresponding plasma samples from the Environmental Specimen Bank. We determined total and unconjugated BPA in urine and plasma using on-line solid-phase extraction high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.1 mu g/l. In the stored urines, total BPA was quantifiable in > 96% (median: 1.49 mu g/l; 95th percentile: 7.37 mu g/l), whereas unconjugated BPA was quantifiable only in < 15% of the samples. Total BPA concentrations decreased over time, but 24 h urine volumes increased. Therefore, daily intakes calculated from the 24 h urines remained rather constant at a median of 0.037 and a 95th percentile of 0.171 mu g BPA/kg body weight/day. In 60 corresponding plasma samples, total BPA levels were generally below the LOQ of 0.1 mu g/l and, if quantifiable, most BPA was unconjugated, thus hinting to external contamination. We see total BPA in urine as the most appropriate and robust marker for BPA exposure assessment (if controlled for BPA contamination). Unconjugated BPA in urine and unconjugated or total BPA in plasma where contamination or breakdown of the glucuronide cannot be ruled out are of no value for human exposure assessment.