Permeation properties of neurotransmitter transporters.
Permeation properties of neurotransmitter transporters.
复制标题
神经递质转运蛋白的渗透特性。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.pa.34.040194.001251
复制
发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
12.5
通讯作者：
Corey,JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lester,HA;Mager,S;Quick,MW;Corey,JL
神经递质转运蛋白属于三个已知的内在膜蛋白家族（图1）。转运的能量通常与神经递质浓度梯度相反，来源于无机离子的共转运（在某些情况下是反转运）。离子转运ATP酶为这些离子建立浓度梯度。我们最初的分类是基于一级氨基酸序列的亲水性分析和亚细胞定位（图1）。然而，我们也对基于功能方面的关系感兴趣，我们通过与离子通道的类似方面类比，将其收集在术语渗透下（1，2）。例如，哺乳动物血清素5-羟色胺（5-HT）转运蛋白，我们归类为1型，与克隆的谷氨酸转运蛋白几乎没有同源性。尽管如此，与谷氨酸转运蛋白一样（与其他1型转运蛋白不同），哺乳动物5-HT转运蛋白对K+进行反向转运。因此，在本综述的后面部分，我们暂时将哺乳动物的5-HT转运蛋白归为它们自己的1型亚型。其他可能的分类取决于反向转运离子的性质、对有机底物的特异性和产电性（3-6）。克隆这些分子的快速进展确保了任何
The neurotransmitter transporters belong to three known families of intrinsic membrane proteins (Figure 1). The energy for transport, which is often against the neurotransmitter concentration gradient, is derived from the cotransport (and in some cases the countertransport) of inorganic ions. Ion-transporting ATPases establish the concentration gradients for these ions. Our initial classification is based on hydropathy analyses of primary amino acid sequences and on subcellular localization (Figure 1). However, we are also interested in relationships based on functional aspects, which we gather under the term permeation by analogy with similar aspects of ion channels (1, 2). For example, mammalian serotonin 5-hydroxytryptaminc (5-HT) transporters, which we classify as Type 1, share little homology with the cloned glutamate transporters. Nonetheless, like the glutamate transporters (and unlike the other Type 1 transporters), the mammalian 5-HT transporter countertransports K+. Therefore, in a later section of this review, we tentatively assign the mammalian 5-HT transporters to their own Type 1 subtype. Other possible classifications depend on the nature of the countertransported ions, specificity for organic substrates, and electrogenicity (3-6). Rapid progress in the cloning of these molecules ensures that any