Attentional Set-Shifting Across Species
Attentional Set-Shifting Across Species
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不同物种的注意集合转移
DOI：
10.1007/7854_2015_5002
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tait, David S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brown, Verity J.;Tait, David S.
注意定势转移作为一种衡量执行灵活性的指标，在过去的60年里一直是人类认知研究的主要内容。在哺乳动物中由额叶皮层介导，涉及形成、维持和转移注意力的认知过程易受由许多人类神经变性疾病（例如阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森氏病和亨廷顿氏病）和其它神经障碍（例如精神分裂症、抑郁症和注意力缺陷/多动症）引起的功能障碍的影响。我们对这些疾病和障碍的理解，以及由它们引起的认知障碍，随着我们掌握的工具越来越多，继续向前发展。在本章中，我们回顾和比较了常用的注意定势转换任务（威斯康星州卡片分类任务和维度内/维度外任务）及其在不同物种中的适用性。除了人类之外，在许多其他动物中也观察到了注意定势转移，大量文献描述了猴子和啮齿动物的表现。我们考虑的任务设计用于调查这些物种的注意定势转移和用于模拟人类疾病和障碍的方法，并最终物种特定的任务之间的比较和差异，以及跨物种的性能之间的比较和差异。
Attentional set-shifting, as a measure of executive flexibility, has been a staple of investigations into human cognition for over six decades. Mediated by the frontal cortex in mammals, the cognitive processes involved in forming, maintaining and shifting an attentional set are vulnerable to dysfunction arising from a number of human neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases) and other neurological disorders (such as schizophrenia, depression, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Our understanding of these diseases and disorders, and the cognitive impairments induced by them, continues to advance, in tandem with an increasing number of tools at our disposal. In this chapter, we review and compare commonly used attentional set-shifting tasks (the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task and Intradimensional/Extradimensional tasks) and their applicability across species. In addition to humans, attentional set-shifting has been observed in a number of other animals, with a substantial body of literature describing performance in monkeys and rodents. We consider the task designs used to investigate attentional set-shifting in these species and the methods used to model human diseases and disorders, and ultimately the comparisons and differences between species-specific tasks, and between performance across species.