Social roles, identities, and networks
Social roles, identities, and networks
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社会角色、身份和网络
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199922765.013.0035
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Minna Palander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Minna Palander
将语言视为一种社会实践对于英语史来说仍然是一种相对较新的方法，但近年来，早期社会角色和身份的语言建构，以及网络在语言变异和变化中的作用，引起了越来越多的关注。从这个角度来看，语言与它的使用者以及他们在特定情境和社会历史背景下在他们的语言能力范围内使用语言的行为有关。然后，语言是一种意义生成的资源，用户做出选择，将个人与他们在情境中的当前角色联系起来。在英语史或历史语用学的研究中，社会角色和身份往往没有明确的主题化（juker 2008；然而，参见Pahta等人2010a）。然而，从社会实践的角度来看，对体裁、风格和语域的研究可能是高度相关的，因为对不同代码的掌握使得个体有可能扮演不同的角色。考虑16世纪诺福克郡绅士纳撒尼尔·培根写的两封信中的例子(1)和(2)。第一封是写给贵族的，谈的是郡政，第二封是写给自耕农的，谈的是农事。这些信件在风格上有很大的不同，并显示了培根的风格如何从社会优越所需要的羞辱性的迂回话语中转变出来
Looking at language as a social practice is still a relatively new approach to the history of English, but in recent years the linguistic construction of social roles and identities in earlier periods, as well as the role of networks in language variation and change, have attracted increasing attention. In this view language is connected to its users and to what they do with language in specific situations and sociohistorical contexts within the confines of their linguistic repertoires. Language is then a resource for meaning-making, and the users make choices that relate individuals to their current roles in the situation. Social roles and identities have not often been explicitly thematized in studies on the history of English or historical pragmatics (Jucker 2008; however, see Pahta et al. 2010a). However, research on genres, styles, and registers may be highly relevant from the perspective of social practice, as the mastery of different codes makes it possible for an individual to perform different roles.Consider examples (1) and (2) from two letters written by a sixteenth-century Norfolk gentleman Nathaniel Bacon. The first one is addressed to a nobleman and deals with county administration, and the second one is to a yeoman about farming matters. The letters differ considerably in their style and show how Bacon styleshifts from the humiliative circumlocutory discourse required for a social superior