A Nucleotide Signature for the Identification of American Ginseng and Its Products.
A Nucleotide Signature for the Identification of American Ginseng and Its Products.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2016.00319
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Han J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu Y;Wang X;Wang L;Chen X;Pang X;Han J
西洋参（来自西洋参）是世界上使用最广泛的草药之一。由于其价格高昂，需求量不断增加，市场上出现了许多掺假品。已提出的内转录间隔区2（ITS 2）已被用于鉴别原料药材，但它不适合中成药成分的鉴定。因此，一个短的条形码识别加工西洋参及其相应的中成药将是有利可图的。本研究从世界各地采集了94个西洋参和亚洲人参样品。对ITS 2区域进行了测序，并基于西洋参特有的一个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点开发了一个核苷酸特征。核苷酸特征（atcactcctt tgcgggagtc gaggcgg）由ITS 2序列长度（420 bp）上的27个碱基组成。此外，我们还设计了用于扩增核苷酸标签的引物对;已发现特异性引物对4F/4 R是人参物种所特有的，并且能够扩增来自中成药和中成药的核苷酸标签。采用核苷酸标记法对中成药中的人参制品进行检测，成功地对北京市24批中成药样品进行了扩增和测序。使用核苷酸标签的SNP位点处的双峰，发现5个批次是伪造品，并且发现2个批次含有掺假物。因此，这个只有27 bp的核苷酸标签拓宽了DNA条形码在鉴定含有降解DNA的药物、中成药和其他人参产品中的应用。该方法可快速鉴别人参产品，也可发展为现场检测方法。
American ginseng (derived from Panax quinquefolius) is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs in the world. Because of its high price and increasing demand, there are many adulterants on the market. The proposed internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) has been used to identify raw medicinal materials, but it is not suitable for the identification of Chinese patent medicine ingredients. Therefore, a short barcode for the identification of processed American ginseng and its corresponding Chinese patent medicines would be profitable. In this study, 94 samples of American ginseng and Asian ginseng were collected from all over the world. The ITS2 region was sequenced, and a nucleotide signature was developed based on one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site unique to American ginseng. The nucleotide signature (atcactcctt tgcgggagtc gaggcgg) consists of 27 bases over the length of the ITS2 sequence (420 bp). Furthermore, we also designed primer pairs to amplify the nucleotide signature; the specific primer pair 4F/4R has been found to be unique to the ginseng species and capable of amplifying the nucleotide signatures from Chinese patent medicines and decoctions. We used the nucleotide signature method to inspect ginseng products in Chinese patent medicines; 24 batches of Chinese patent medicine from stores in Beijing were amplified and sequenced successfully. Using the double peaks at the SNP sites of the nucleotide signature, 5 batches were found to be counterfeits, and 2 batches were found to contain adulterants. Thus, this nucleotide signature, with only 27 bp, has broadened the application of DNA barcoding in identification of decoctions, Chinese patent medicines and other ginseng products with degraded DNA. This method can rapidly identify ginseng products and could also be developed as an on-site detection method.