Endosperm Texture in Wheat
Endosperm Texture in Wheat
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DOI：
10.1006/jcrs.2002.0468
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发表时间：
2002-11
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
K. Turnbull;S. Rahman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Turnbull;S. Rahman
摘要小麦的胚乳结构是小麦分类的基本方法之一。它对制粉过程有显著影响，影响面粉粒度和制粉率。小麦的硬度在很大程度上受遗传因素的控制，但也会受到环境和水分、脂质、戊聚糖含量等因素的影响。小麦胚乳质地的主要遗传位点Ha位于5D染色体上。在这个位点上，已经发现了几个基因，特别是嘌呤碱。嘌呤是与淀粉颗粒相关的15 kDa蛋白质带的主要成分，在软质小麦中比在硬质小麦中更丰富。最近的研究表明，吡咯啉类化合物可以提高稻米的硬度。本文讨论了小麦硬胚乳和软胚乳的结构，重点讨论了在发育中的种子中何时可以检测到胚乳结构的差异。环境和其他可能影响胚乳质地的因素的作用也与Ha位点的嘌呤多碱基因的作用一起进行了研究。最后，我们比较了小麦和大麦的胚乳硬度。
Abstract One of the fundamental means of classifying wheat is through its endosperm texture. It impacts significantly on the milling process affecting among other things flour particle size and milling yield. Hardness in wheat is largely controlled by genetic factors but it can be affected by the environment and factors such as moisture, lipid, and pentosan content. The principal genetic locus controlling endosperm texture in wheat, Ha , is located on the chromosome 5D. At this locus several genes, notably the puroindolines, have been identified. Puroindolines are the major components of the 15 kDa protein band associated with starch granules that is more abundant in soft wheats than in hard. Recently the puroindolines have been shown to enhance grain hardness in rice. In this review we discuss the structure of hard and soft wheat endosperm with particular emphasis on when differences in endosperm texture can be detected in the developing seed. The role of the environment and other factors that may affect the endosperm texture is also examined together with the role of the puroindoline genes at the Ha locus. Finally, we compare endosperm hardness in wheat and in barley.