Quantifying and Modeling Soil Structure Dynamics
Quantifying and Modeling Soil Structure Dynamics
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DOI：
10.2134/advagricsystmodel3.c1
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Logsdon;M. Berli;R. Horn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Logsdon;M. Berli;R. Horn
W是土壤结构，它应该如何表征？这个问题的第一部分由Baver（1940）简单地回答为“土壤颗粒的排列”，这个定义经过微小的修改，今天仍然适用（Ghezzehei，2012）。这个问题的第二部分更难回答，自从土壤结构被认为是影响土壤物理、机械、化学和生物过程的重要因素以来，它一直是科学讨论的主题（Letey，1991）。土壤结构的形态表征在农学、林业和地貌学中是常见的实践，如土壤结构分类系统（即，Schoeneberger等人，2002年）。除了半定量的土壤形态分类，描述和量化土壤结构本身是一个挑战。正如Letey（1991）所指出的，土壤结构的研究既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。许多论文比较了管理和实验程序对机械结构化土壤以及单骨料强度、骨料内孔径分布和气体通量的影响（Horn等人，1994）以及水稳定聚集体（Bronick和Lal，2005）。扰动土壤的结构可能与原位结构完全不同（Hartge和Stewart，1995; Warkentin，2008）。通常，测定聚集体稳定性的实验室程序将聚集体从其原位排列中除去（Letey，1991; Young等人，二○ ○一年; Baveye，2006年），并忽略了骨料排列和内部骨料强度与散装土壤相比的影响（Horn等人，1994年）。
W is soil structure, and how should it be characterized? The first part of this question was answered by Baver (1940) as simply “the arrangement of soil particles,” a definition which, with minor modifications, still holds today (Ghezzehei, 2012). The second part of this question is more difficult to answer and has been a topic of scientific discussions ever since soil structure has been recognized as an important factor affecting soil physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological processes (Letey, 1991). Morphologic characterization of soil structure has been common practice in agronomy, forestry, and geomorphology as reflected in the soil structure classification systems (i.e., Schoeneberger et al., 2002). Beyond semi-quantitative soil morphology classes, it is a challenge to describe and quantify soil structure, per se. As pointed out by Letey (1991), the study of soil structure may be as well an art as a science. Numerous papers compare management and experimental procedure effects on mechanical structured soil as well as single aggregate strength, intraaggregate pore size distribution, and gas fluxes (Horn et al., 1994) as well as water stable aggregation (Bronick and Lal, 2005). The structure of a disturbed soil may be quite different than the structure in situ (Hartge and Stewart, 1995; Warkentin, 2008). Often the laboratory procedures to determine aggregate stability remove the aggregates from their in situ arrangement (Letey, 1991; Young et al., 2001; Baveye, 2006) and ignore the effect of aggregate arrangement and internal aggregate strength in comparison with that of the bulk soil (Horn et al., 1994).