The role of the human thalamus in language and memory: Evidence from electrophysiological studies
The role of the human thalamus in language and memory: Evidence from electrophysiological studies
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DOI：
10.1006/brcg.1999.1101
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发表时间：
2000-03-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Ojemann, GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, MD;Ojemann, GA
本文综述的资料表明，电刺激优势丘脑腹外侧区可引起语言加工障碍，而刺激非优势丘脑腹外侧区则未见此现象。产生的语言缺陷的性质各不相同，这取决于刺激部位的吻尾侧位置。刺激右利手患者的左腹外侧丘脑前部导致产生重复的错误单词，刺激内侧腹外侧丘脑诱发持续，刺激后腹外侧丘脑和前枕导致错误命名和遗漏。另外的研究还检查了丘脑电刺激对语言和非语言短期记忆的影响。在文字记忆输入过程中刺激左侧（而不是右侧）丘脑腹外侧区可以大大减少随后的回忆错误。而动词：ll记忆提取时的刺激增加了回忆错误。这一发现与非语言记忆研究中的结果形成了鲜明对比，在非语言记忆研究中，在记忆输入过程中刺激右腹外侧区会减少回忆错误，而在同一阶段刺激左丘脑会增加回忆错误。左枕刺激破坏言语记忆处理，而右枕刺激破坏非言语记忆处理。有限的证据表明，丘脑电刺激对非文字记忆的影响可能会在刺激结束后持续数天。丘脑功能的偏侧化也影响言语产生的运动方面。左（但也不是右）丘脑腹外侧刺激扰乱语音清晰度和呼吸的呼气相增加。事实上，这些运动效应是从产生上述语言缺陷的丘脑的同一区域诱发的，这就排除了丘脑参与协调语言产生的认知和运动方面的可能性。一个模型的丘脑功能进行了讨论，其中定义的丘脑区域作为一个“特定的报警响应”，增加输入到内存的类别特定的材料，同时抑制检索记忆。(C)北京大学出版社.
The data reviewed hc re indicate that electrical stimulation of the dominant ventrolateral thalamus can produce deficits in language processing th;lt are not seen after similar stimulation of the nondominant ventrolateral thalamus. The nature of the language deficit produced varies, depending upon the rostrocaudal location of the stimulation site. Stimulation of the anterior left ventrolateral thalamus in right-handed patients resulted in production of a repeated erroneous word, stimulation of the medial ventrolateral thalamus evoked perseveration, and stimulation of the posterior ventrolateral thalmus and anterior pulvinar resulted in misnaming and omissions. Additional studies have examined the effect of electrical thalamic stimulation on verbal and nonverbal short-term memory. Left (but not right) ventrolateral thalamic stimulation during verbal memory input greatly decreased subsequent recall errors. while stimulation during verb:ll memory retrieval increased recall errors. This finding contrasted with those obtained from studies on nonverbal memory, in which right ventrolateral stimulation during memory input decreased recall errors, while left thalamic stimulation at the same stage increased recall errors. Left pulvinar stimulation disrupted verbal memory processing, while right pulvinar stimulation disrupted nonverbal memory processing. Limited evidence suggests that the effects of thalamic electrical stimulation on verbal memory may persist for several days after the stimulation has ended. The lateralization of thalamic functions also affects the motoric aspects of speech production. Left (hut nor right) ventrolateral thalmic stimulation disrupted speech articulation and increased the expiratory phase of respiration. The fact that these motor effects were evoked from the same general area of the thalamus that produced the language deficits discussed above mises the possibility that the thalamus is involved in coordinating the cognitive and motoric aspects of language production. A model of thalamic function is discussed in which defined regions of the thalamus operate as a "specific alerting response," increasing the input to memory of category-specific material while simultaneously inhibiting retrieval from memory. (C) 2000 Academic Press.