Guiding locomotion in complex, dynamic environments
Guiding locomotion in complex, dynamic environments
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00085
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发表时间：
2013-07-19
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Fajen, Brett R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fajen, Brett R.
在复杂、动态的环境中行走是许多日常活动不可或缺的一部分，包括在拥挤的空间中行走，在繁忙的道路上开车，以及进行体育运动。人类在这样的环境中执行的许多任务都涉及与移动对象的交互--也就是说，它们需要人们协调自己的运动与其他物体的运动。方位角模型是研究运动目标检测、回避和拦截的一个广泛采用的框架，观察者根据该模型进行移动，以保持目标的方位角恒定，以进行拦截，并改变目标的方位角以进行避障。方位角模型提供了对视觉控制的简单、简约的描述，但有几个显著的限制，并且不容易扩展到更复杂的任务。在这篇文章中，我介绍了一个关于人类如何在移动物体存在的情况下选择动作和指导移动的另一种描述。我展示了新的方法如何解决方位角模型的局限性，并考虑到涉及移动对象的各种行为，包括(1)选择在移动障碍物的前面或后面通过，(2)感知移动障碍物之间的间隙是否可通过，(3)在通过单车道或多车道交通时避免碰撞，(4)在拦截期间协调移动的速度和方向，(5)同时拦截移动目标，同时避开静止或移动的障碍物，以及(6)知道是否放弃追逐移动目标。我还总结了最近支持这一新方法的研究数据。
Locomotion in complex, dynamic environments is an integral part of many daily activities, including walking in crowded spaces, driving on busy roadways, and playing sports. Many of the tasks that humans perform in such environments involve interactions with moving objects-that is, they require people to coordinate their own movement with the movements of other objects. A widely adopted framework for research on the detection, avoidance, and interception of moving objects is the bearing angle model, according to which observers move so as to keep the bearing angle of the object constant for interception and varying for obstacle avoidance. The bearing angle model offers a simple, parsimonious account of visual control but has several significant limitations and does not easily scale up to more complex tasks. In this paper, I introduce an alternative account of how humans choose actions and guide locomotion in the presence of moving objects. I show how the new approach addresses the limitations of the bearing angle model and accounts for a variety of behaviors involving moving objects, including (1) choosing whether to pass in front of or behind a moving obstacle, (2) perceiving whether a gap between a pair of moving obstacles is passable, (3) avoiding a collision while passing through single or multiple lanes of traffic,(4) coordinating speed and direction of locomotion during interception, (5) simultaneously intercepting a moving target while avoiding a stationary or moving obstacle, and (6) knowing whether to abandon the chase of a moving target. I also summarize data from recent studies that support the new approach.