Soot reference materials for instrument calibration and intercomparisons: a workshop summary with recommendations
Soot reference materials for instrument calibration and intercomparisons: a workshop summary with recommendations
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DOI：
10.5194/amt-5-1869-2012
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Viana, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baumgardner, D.;Popovicheva, O.;Viana, M.
生物质燃烧和化石燃料及生物质燃料不完全燃烧产生的烟尘与区域和全球气候变化以及不利的健康问题有关。科学家使用各种方法测量烟尘的性质，以量化源排放，并了解其大气化学，排放条件下的反应性，与太阳辐射的相互作用，对云的影响和健康影响。目前限制进展的一个主要障碍是缺乏既定的标准或参考材料来校准用于测量烟尘的各种性质的许多仪器。烟尘标准参考材料（SRM）的可用性和实用性的现状在2011年6月的一次研讨会上由50名国际专家组成的小组进行了审查。举办讲习班的目的是总结目前关于烟尘测量技术的知识，确定与缺乏烟尘标准物质有关的测量不确定性和局限性，并确定标准物质的属性，如果加以开发，将减少测量不确定性。研讨会确定，有合适的标准参考模型可用于校准某些但不是所有测量方法。单粒子烟尘光度计（SP2），一种使用激光诱导白炽的仪器的用户社区，确定了一种合适的SRM，富勒烯烟尘，但测量过滤器上收集的烟尘的光吸收的仪器的用户没有。同样，那些使用热光学分析（TOA）来分析碳烟的有机和元素碳成分的人对目前的SRM也不满意。研讨会和随后的互动讨论为开发新的标准化监测模块及其实施提出了一些建议，这些建议将适用于不同的烟尘测量方法。
Soot, which is produced from biomass burning and the incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass fuels, has been linked to regional and global climate change and to negative health problems. Scientists measure the properties of soot using a variety of methods in order to quantify source emissions and understand its atmospheric chemistry, reactivity under emission conditions, interaction with solar radiation, influence on clouds, and health impacts. A major obstacle currently limiting progress is the absence of established standards or reference materials for calibrating the many instruments used to measure the various properties of soot.The current state of availability and practicability of soot standard reference materials (SRMs) was reviewed by a group of 50 international experts during a workshop in June of 2011. The workshop was convened to summarize the current knowledge on soot measurement techniques, identify the measurement uncertainties and limitations related to the lack of soot SRMs, and identify attributes of SRMs that, if developed, would reduce measurement uncertainties. The workshop established that suitable SRMs are available for calibrating some, but not all, measurement methods. The community of users of the single-particle soot-photometer (SP2), an instrument using laser-induced incandescence, identified a suitable SRM, fullerene soot, but users of instruments that measure light absorption by soot collected on filters did not. Similarly, those who use thermal optical analysis (TOA) to analyze the organic and elemental carbon components of soot were not satisfied with current SRMs. The workshop, and subsequent, interactive discussions, produced a number of recommendations for the development of new SRMs, and their implementation, that would be suitable for the different soot measurement methods.