University of Chicago
University of Chicago
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芝加哥大学
DOI：
10.1227/00006123-197907010-00047
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发表时间：
1939
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Beth Simmons
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beth Simmons
国际边界已成为国际和国内政治中的分歧问题。它们也成为越来越多的弱势群体的人权被记录为面临风险的场所。面对不断增长的人口流动和其他外部威胁（无论是真实的还是想象的），边境强化政策已使国际边界成为许多层面冲突的焦点。本文认为，国际法可以重新构建我们对边界的理解，从而采取更具建设性的边界管理方法并更加尊重人权。边界本质上是具有解决领土协调问题潜力的机构。但越来越重要的是，它们也是关系机构，往往对社会和经济互动产生巨大影响。它们的关系方面需要治理，国际法为此制定了睦邻法。反过来，睦邻法要求尊重主权国家之间共同商定的契约。不应假定边界构成固有的国家安全风险。事实上，这个假设应该被颠倒：边界创建的区域中，友好合作（包括旨在保护人权的政策）的需求和义务是最高的。
International borders have become divisive issues in international and domestic politics. They have also become sites where the human rights of vulnerable persons have increasingly been documented as at risk. Policies of border hardening in the face of growing human mobility and other external threats—real and imagined—have made international borders focal sites of conflict at many levels. This Article argues that international law can reframe our understanding of bordering, leading to a more constructive approach to border management and greater respect for human rights. Borders are essentially institutions with the potential to settle coordination problems over territory. But of growing importance, they are also relational institutions that often have drastic effects on social and economic interactions. Their relational aspects require governance, for which international law has developed the law of neighborliness. In turn, the law of neighborliness requires, among other things, respect for mutually agreed cove-nants between sovereign states. Borders should not be presumed to pose inherent national security risks. Indeed, the presumption should be reversed: borders create zones where the need and obligation for friendly cooperation, including policies aimed at human rights protections, is at its highest.