People are averse to machines making moral decisions
People are averse to machines making moral decisions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2018.08.003
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Gray, Kurt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bigman, Yochanan E.;Gray, Kurt
人们想要自主机器做出道德决定吗？九项研究表明答案是否定的，部分原因是机器缺乏完整的大脑。研究 1-6 发现，人们厌恶机器做出与道德相关的驾驶、法律、医疗和军事决策，而这种厌恶是由认为机器既不能充分思考也不能感觉的看法所介导的。研究 5-6 发现，即使道德决策产生积极结果，这种厌恶仍然存在。研究 7-9 简要调查了提高机器道德决策可接受性的三种潜在途径：将机器限制为顾问角色（研究 7）、增加机器的感知体验（研究 8）以及增加机器的感知专业知识（研究 9）。尽管其中一些路线显示出希望，但对机器道德决策的厌恶却很难消除。这种厌恶可能会给自主技术在医学、法律、军事和自动驾驶汽车等道德领域的整合带来挑战。
Do people want autonomous machines making moral decisions? Nine studies suggest that that the answer is 'no'-in part because machines lack a complete mind. Studies 1-6 find that people are averse to machines making morally-relevant driving, legal, medical, and military decisions, and that this aversion is mediated by the perception that machines can neither fully think nor feel. Studies 5-6 find that this aversion exists even when moral decisions have positive outcomes. Studies 7-9 briefly investigate three potential routes to increasing the acceptability of machine moral decision-making: limiting the machine to an advisory role (Study 7), increasing machines' perceived experience (Study 8), and increasing machines' perceived expertise (Study 9). Although some of these routes show promise, the aversion to machine moral decision-making is difficult to eliminate. This aversion may prove challenging for the integration of autonomous technology in moral domains including medicine, the law, the military, and self-driving vehicles.