Retrotransposons hijack alt-EJ for DNA replication and eccDNA biogenesis.

Retrotransposons hijack alt-EJ for DNA replication and eccDNA biogenesis.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-023-06327-7
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发表时间:
2023-08
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Zhang, Z. Z. Zhao
Zhang, Z. Z. Zhao
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yang, Fu;Su, Weijia;Chung, Oliver W.;Tracy, Lauren;Wang, Lu;Ramsden, Dale A.;Zhang, Z. Z. Zhao

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反转录转座子在动物基因组中高度富集。它们的激活可以重写宿主DNA信息,并从根本上影响宿主生物学。虽然逆转录转座子的发育激活可以为宿主带来益处,例如对抗病毒感染,但不受控制的激活会促进疾病或潜在地驱动衰老。在激活后,反转录转座子使用它们的mRNA作为模板来合成双链DNA,用于在宿主基因组中进行新的插入。虽然由它们编码的逆转录酶可以合成第一链DNA,但第二链DNA是如何产生的在很大程度上仍然未知。在这里,我们报告逆转录转座子劫持的替代末端连接(alt-EJ)的DNA修复过程从主机的环化步骤,合成其第二链DNA。我们应用纳米孔测序来检查复制的逆转录转座子DNA的命运,发现其中10%实现了新的插入,而90%以染色体外环状DNA(eccDNA)的形式存在。使用eccDNA生产作为读数,进一步的遗传筛选确定了来自alt-EJ的因子为逆转录转座子复制所必需的。alt-EJ通过环化过程驱动LTR-反转录转座子DNA的第二链合成,因此对于eccDNA产生和新的插入是必需的。总之,我们的研究表明,alt-EJ是必不可少的驱动寄生基因组逆转录分子的繁殖。我们的工作揭示了这种未充分研究的DNA修复过程的一种新的保守功能,并提供了一个新的视角来理解和潜在地控制逆转录转座子的生命周期。
Retrotransposons are highly enriched in the animal genome. Their activation can rewrite host DNA information and fundamentally impact host biology. While developmental activation of retrotransposons can bring hosts benefits, such as against virus infection, uncontrolled activation promotes diseases or potentially drives aging. Upon activation, retrotransposons use their mRNA as templates to synthesize double-stranded DNA for making new insertions in the host genome. While the reverse transcriptase encoded by them can synthesize the 1st-strand DNA, how the 2nd-strand DNA is generated remains largely unknown. Here we report retrotransposons hijack the alternative end-joining (alt-EJ) DNA repair process from the hosts for a circularization step to synthesize their 2nd-strand DNA. We applied Nanopore sequencing to examine the fates of replicated retrotransposon DNA, and found that 10% of them achieve new insertions, while 90% exist as extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA). Using eccDNA production as a readout, further genetic screens identified factors from alt-EJ as essential for retrotransposon replication. alt-EJ drives the 2nd-strand synthesis of the LTR-retrotransposon DNA via a circularization process, thus is necessitated for eccDNA production and new insertions. Together, our study reveals that alt-EJ is essential in driving the propagation of parasitic genomic retroelements. Our work uncovers a novel conserved function of this understudied DNA repair process, and provides a new perspective to understand, and potentially control, retrotransposon life cycle.
DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq033
发表时间: 2010-03-15
期刊: Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
影响因子: --
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