Inner Presence: Consciousness as a Biological Phenomenon
Inner Presence: Consciousness as a Biological Phenomenon
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内在存在：作为一种生物现象的意识
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发表时间：
2005
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Revonsuo
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作者：
A. Revonsuo
意识问题也许是科学尚未解决的最重要的问题。在《内在存在》一书中，Antti Revonsuo提出了一种研究意识的新方法，将哲学、心理学和认知神经科学的发现整合到一个连贯的理论框架中。雷冯索认为，任何富有成效的科学方法都必须同时考虑意识的主观心理现实和客观神经生物学现实，他提出，发现这两种现实之间联系的最佳策略是使用经验生物科学的工具的“生物现实主义”。这种方法被他称为“生物学研究计划”，提供了当代意识研究所缺乏的理论和哲学基础。Revonsuo创造了“世界模拟隐喻”一词，并利用这一隐喻发展了一种强有力的思维方式，将意识视为大脑中的生物系统。这使他提出，做梦的大脑和视觉意识是经验意识研究的理想模型系统。他对意识研究进行了全面的概述和批判性的分析，并为自己的方法辩护，反对当前流行的哲学观点，特别是否认或外化现象意识的方法，或者声称大脑活动不足以产生意识。他系统地考察了意识科学中的主要问题--意识的内容，意识和约束问题的统一性，解释的差距和意识的神经相关性，以及意识的因果力量和功能。雷文索汇集了来自各种来源的经验数据，包括梦的研究，大脑成像，神经心理学和进化心理学，纳入生物学研究计划的理论框架，从而为统一的意识生物科学指明了方向。运用富有想象力的思想实验，内在存在超越了当前的最先进水平，揭示了意识问题最终可能如何被未来的科学解决。
The question of consciousness is perhaps the most significant problem still unsolved by science. In Inner Presence, Antti Revonsuo proposes a novel approach to the study of consciousness that integrates findings from philosophy, psychology, and cognitive neuroscience into a coherent theoretical framework. Arguing that any fruitful scientific approach to the problem must consider both the subjective psychological reality of consciousness and the objective neurobiological reality, Revonsuo proposes that the best strategy for discovering the connection between these two realities is one of "biological realism," using tools of the empirical biological sciences. This approach, which he calls the "biological research program," provides a theoretical and philosophical foundation that contemporary study of consciousness lacks.Revonsuo coins the term "world simulation metaphor" and uses this metaphor to develop a powerful way of thinking about consciousness as a biological system in the brain. This leads him to propose that the dreaming brain and visual consciousness are ideal model systems for empirical consciousness research. He offers a comprehensive overview and critical analysis of consciousness research and defends his approach against currently popular philosophical views, in particular against approaches that deny or externalize phenomenal consciousness, or claim that brain activity is not sufficient for consciousness. He systematically examines the principal issues in the science of consciousness -- the contents of consciousness, the unity of consciousness and the binding problem, the explanatory gap and the neural correlates of consciousness, and the causal powers and function of consciousness.Revonsuo draws together empirical data from a wide variety of sources, including dream research, brain imaging, neuropsychology, and evolutionary psychology, into the theoretical framework of the biological research program, thus pointing the way toward a unified biological science of consciousness. Applying imaginative thought experiments, Inner Presence reaches beyond the current state-of-the-art, revealing how the problem of consciousness may eventually be solved by future science.