Effects of set-size and selective spatial attention on motion processing
Effects of set-size and selective spatial attention on motion processing
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00038-4
复制
发表时间：
2001-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Bosworth, RG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dobkins, KR;Bosworth, RG
为了研究分散注意和选择性空间注意对运动加工的影响，我们利用随机运动显示获得了不同注意操作和刺激持续时间（100-600 ms）下的运动方向阈值。为了研究分散注意力，我们比较了在视野中呈现单一运动刺激（set-size = 1）时获得的运动阈值与在三个可混淆的噪声干扰物（set-size = 4）中呈现运动刺激时获得的运动阈值。当集大小从1增加到4时，所观察到的性能损失的大小可以用基于信号检测理论的简单决策模型来解释。这是假设注意力资源的能力不受限制。为了研究选择性注意，我们比较了当一个有效的预提示提醒被试注意将要呈现的运动刺激的位置时获得的运动阈值与没有提供预提示时获得的运动阈值。正如预期的那样，当视野中包含噪音干扰物时，预提示的效果很大，我们将这种效果归因于“降噪”（即，预提示允许受试者排除不相关的干扰物，否则会损害表现）。在单运动刺激显示。我们发现，仅在短时间内（小于或等于150毫秒）预固化就有显著的好处，这一结果可以用“定向时间”假设来解释（即，预固化通过消除在开始时将注意力定向到外围刺激所需的时间来提高性能，从而增加了处理刺激所花费的时间）。因此。我们的研究结果表明，视觉运动系统可以同时分析多个刺激，而不受感官处理本身的限制，空间预提示有助于减少干扰的影响，并可能增加刺激的有效处理时间。2001爱思唯尔科学有限公司版权所有。
In order to investigate the effects of divided attention and selective spatial attention on motion processing, we obtained direction-of-motion thresholds using a stochastic motion display under various attentional manipulations and stimulus durations (100-600 ms). To investigate divided attention, we compared motion thresholds obtained when a single motion stimulus was presented in the visual field (set-size = 1) to those obtained when the motion stimulus was presented amongst three confusable noise distracters (set-size = 4). The magnitude of the observed detriment in performance with an increase in set-size from 1 to 4 could be accounted for by a simple decision model based on signal detection theory. which assumes that attentional resources are not limited in capacity. To investigate selective attention, we compared motion thresholds obtained when a valid pre-cue alerted the subject to the location of the to-be-presented motion stimulus to those obtained when no pre-cue was provided. As expected, the effect of pre-cueing was large when the visual field contained noise distracters, an effect we attribute to 'noise reduction' (i.e. the pre-cue allows subjects to exclude irrelevant distracters that would otherwise impair performance). In the single motion stimulus display. we found a significant benefit of pre-curing only at short durations (less than or equal to 150 ms), a result that can potentially be explained by a 'time-to-orient' hypothesis (i.e. the pre-cite improves performance by eliminating the time it takes to orient attention to a peripheral stimulus at its onset, thereby increasing the time spent processing the stimulus). Thus. our results suggest that the visual motion system can analyze several stimuli simultaneously without limitations on sensory processing per se, and that spatial pre-cueing serves to reduce the effects of distracters and perhaps increase the effective processing time of the stimulus. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.