Groundwater mapping and locally engaged water governance in a small island terrain: Case study of Karainagar island, Northern Sri Lanka
Groundwater mapping and locally engaged water governance in a small island terrain: Case study of Karainagar island, Northern Sri Lanka
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DOI：
10.1002/wwp2.12112
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发表时间：
2023-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Inthirakumaran Karthiga;P. Rameshwaran;B. Ketheesan;N. Sriskandarajah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Inthirakumaran Karthiga;P. Rameshwaran;B. Ketheesan;N. Sriskandarajah
地下水是岛屿社区面临威胁的重要资源。Karainagar岛面积22公里，是斯里兰卡北部贾夫纳海岸外的七个岛屿之一，人口只有大约11000人，季节性缺水和地下水盐度是影响他们生活的双重威胁。本文报告了一项为期3年（2019年10月至2022年9月）的研究，该研究旨在绘制Karainagar岛地下水的空间和季节动态图，并从社区需求、政策影响和相关当局和公民已经共同考虑的治理理念等方面讨论了所揭示的模式。选择了36口用于饮用、家庭、农业和公共用途的挖井，并记录了水位、盐度和pH值的变化以及每日降雨量。本文对卡拉那格岛的地理、土地利用、水井分布和水体进行了全面的描述，随后讨论了卡拉那格岛地下水的现状。降雨模式的年-年差异导致了不同的变化率和水位范围，在整个岛屿上，除了一些例外，盐度的变化模式也相应相反。3年来，达到井水满负荷所需的累积雨量为652至892毫米，平均雨量为739毫米。这意味着，在主要雨季的早期阶段，任何进一步的降雨都是潜在的地表水，可以储存和径流。有人认为，诸如不受管制的抽水和建造管井等做法是造成盐度水平上升的原因，对居民的健康造成影响。提出了一种克服现有制度方法局限性的参与式治理方法。在适当的政策和村一级含水层监测的支持下，它的成功基于广泛的利益攸关方参与、公平和透明度的提高，将使Karainagar的地下水资源具有可持续性。
Groundwater is a vital resource under threat in island communities. Karainagar, a 22 km2island, is one of seven islands off the coast of Jaffna in Northern Sri Lanka, with its population of just about 11,000 persons, experiences seasonal water shortage, and salinity in groundwater as twin threats impacting on their lives. This paper reports on a 3‐year study (October 2019 to September 2022) to map groundwater dynamics of Karainagar island spatially and seasonally and discusses the patterns revealed in terms of community needs, policy implications, and governance ideas that could already be considered by relevant authorities and citizens jointly. Thirty‐six dug wells used for drinking, domestic, agricultural, and public purposes were selected, and water level, salinity, and pH changes recorded along with daily rainfall. This paper offers a thorough description of the geography, land use, distribution of wells, and water bodies, followed by discussion of the current status of the groundwater in Karainagar island. Year‐to‐year differences in rainfall pattern resulted in different rates of change and range in water level with a corresponding reverse pattern seen in salinity with some exceptions across the island. Cumulative rainfall required to reach full capacity of wells ranged from 652 to 892 mm over the 3 years with an average figure of 739 mm of rain. This implies that any further rainfall during early phase of the main rainy season is potential surface water for storage and runoff. Practices such as unregulated pumping and construction of tube wells are argued to be contributing to increase in salinity levels with health implications for residents. A participatory governance approach that overcomes limitations of the existing institutional approach is proposed. Its success based on broad stakeholder engagement, improved equity, and transparency when supported by adequate policies and village level aquifer monitoring will enable sustainability of groundwater resources in Karainagar.