Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: 40 years retrospective of continuous observations at the Yakutsk array: Part 1. Cosmic ray spectrum in the energy range 1015–1018 eV and its interpretation
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: 40 years retrospective of continuous observations at the Yakutsk array: Part 1. Cosmic ray spectrum in the energy range 1015–1018 eV and its interpretation
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超高能宇宙射线：雅库茨克阵列连续观测 40 年回顾：第 1 部分：1015-1018 eV 能量范围内的宇宙射线谱及其解释
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
Yu
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作者：
Stanislav Knurenkoa;Igor Petrovb;Zim Petrov;Ivan Sleptsov;Yu
本文讨论了雅库茨克小切伦科夫线阵测量1015 - 1018 eV簇射中切伦科夫辐射的宇宙线能谱的实验数据。数据是从1994年开始用连续阵列操作获得的。在这个能区中的所有粒子谱被发现具有复杂的形状，并且不能用具有单个斜率指示器g的简单指数函数来描述。在能量为3 · 10 15 eV的第一次扭结（拐点）之后，光谱在Δγ = 0.4处变得更陡，直到能量为16 eV，然后部分光谱变得平坦，达到>8 · 10 16 eV，光谱的斜率为2.92 ± 0.03，然后再次从约102· 10 17 eV改变斜率Δγ = 0.32 ± 0.05。在雅库茨克EAS阵列上观测到的102·1017 eV处的第二个弯折，或称为第二个膝，是超高宇宙线空间天体物理学的一个重要结果。本文讨论了能量为17 eV的银河系源宇宙线谱形成的可能方案，主要是能量为10 17 - 10 18 eV的超新星遗迹（SNR）和变银河系源。最有可能的是，第二个膝盖的测量与过渡区，银河系到河外宇宙射线的起源有关。
The experimental data on the cosmic ray energy spectrum obtained from the Small Cherenkov Array in Yakutsk on the measurement of Cherenkov radiation in showers with energy 10 15 –10 18 eV are discussed. The data were obtained by means of continuous array operation since 1994. The all particle spectrum in this energy region was found to have a complex shape and cannot be described by a simple exponential function with a single slope indicator, g. After the first kink at energy 3 · 10 15 eV (knee), the spectrum becomes steeper at Δγ = 0.4 up to energy 16 eV, then part of the spectrum becomes flat to >8 · 10 16 eV, the slope of the spectrum is 2.92 ± 0.03 and then again changes slope by Δγ = 0.32 ± 0.05 from about ∼2· 10 17 eV. The second kink in the spectrum observed at the Yakutsk EAS array at ∼2·10 17 eV, or also called second knee, is a significant result for space astrophysics of ultra-high cosmic rays. In this paper we discuss possible scenarios for spectrum formation of cosmic rays by galactic sources to energies 17 eV, mainly supernovae remnants (SNR) and Metagalactic origins in the energy range 10 17 –10 18 eV. Most likely, that measurement of the second knee is related with the transitional region, galactic to extragalactic origin of cosmic rays.