Fit for purpose? Transforming National Meteorological and Hydrological Services into National Climate Service Centers
Fit for purpose? Transforming National Meteorological and Hydrological Services into National Climate Service Centers
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cliser.2019.01.002
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Farrell, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mahon, Roche;Greene, Christina;Farrell, David
气候服务正在成为向世界各地的用户提供气候信息的重要战略。在许多国家，国家气象和水文服务机构(NMHS)负责为不同的受众提供气候服务。气候服务对于促进适应气候风险和减少发展中国家的脆弱性十分重要。然而，面向用户的气候服务的生产和提供给NMHS带来了新的负担，需要新的技能、伙伴关系和基础设施。在本文中，我们评估了加勒比小岛屿发展中国家(SID)22个NMHS的能力，以了解NMHS是否以及如何适合于提供气候服务的目的。我们的评估是围绕世界气象组织全球气候服务框架的五个核心支柱进行的。我们发现，NMHS在气候信息的技术生产、翻译、转让和促进使用方面面临着关键的能力差距。其中一些差距有历史根源，与建立和目前运作NMHS的总体法律、政治和体制环境有关。其他方面涉及对用户的日益重视，这与传统的NMHS与利益相关者的接触形成了鲜明对比。这些结果表明，支持共同制作气候信息，同时解决普遍存在的法律、政治和体制脱节以及人力资源限制的投资，可以加强加勒比小岛屿发展中国家气候服务的提供。
Climate services are becoming an important strategy for delivering climate information to users around the world. In many countries, National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) are charged with providing climate services to diverse audiences. Climate services are important to foster adaptation to climate risks and in reducing vulnerability in developing world contexts. However, the production and delivery of user-oriented climate services place new burdens on NMHSs and require new skillsets, partnerships, and infrastructure. In this paper, we assess the capabilities of 22 NMHSs in Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to understand whether and how NMHSs are fit for the purpose of providing climate services. Our assessment is framed around the five core pillars of the World Meteorological Organizations Global Framework for Climate Services. We find that the NMHSs face key capacity gaps in the technical production, translation, transfer, and facilitation of the use of climate information. Some of these gaps have historical roots and relate to the overarching legal, political, and institutional settings in which NMHSs were established and currently operate. Others relate to an increased emphasis on users in ways that contrast with traditional NMHSs' engagement with stakeholders. These results suggest that investments that support the co-production of climate information while also addressing prevailing legal, political, and institutional disconnects and human resource constraints can strengthen the provision of climate services in Caribbean SIDS.