Why aren't more women in science?: Top researchers debate the evidence.
Why aren't more women in science?: Top researchers debate the evidence.
复制标题
为什么没有更多的女性参与科学？：顶尖研究人员对证据进行辩论。
DOI：
10.1037/11546-000
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
W. Williams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Ceci;W. Williams
为什么没有更多的女性从事科学、工程和数学方面的职业？女性在这些领域的缺乏是社会的不鼓励，两性之间天生的能力差异，还是愿望的差异？这些问题总是引发一系列其他问题-以及多种答案-所有这些都对两性平等和保持国家在技术市场上的竞争力具有重要影响。关于妇女参与科学的最可靠和最新的知识是由顶尖研究人员撰写的关于能力性别差异的15篇论文组成的。选择这些散文家是为了反映关于这一主题的观点的多样性和复杂性，关于这一主题的知识已经积累和发展了几十年。编辑提供了一个定义关键问题并将其嵌入历史背景的介绍，以及一个综合和整合不同观点的结论。为了吸引学生和非专业人士以及心理学家和其他社会科学家，作者重新构建了这一关键争议，并通过坚实的实证科学挑战读者的情感和政治偏见。总的来说，引言、文章和结论都令人信服地证明，性别差异既不像早期研究者所认为的那样明确，也不像当前一些批评者所声称的那样微不足道。职业选择中的性别差异绝对不是不可避免的，因为过去30年来，各种领域的性别构成发生了巨大变化，两性之间的能力得分差异也出现了波动。然而，正如论文所明确指出的那样，这种变化为今天科学、工程和数学参与方面的性别差异留下了文化和生物基础的可能性。
Why aren't more women pursuing careers in science, engineering, and math? Is the lack of women in these fields a consequence of societal discouragements, innate differences in ability between the sexes, or differences in aspirations? These questions always spark a host of other questions - and a multiplicity of answers - all of which have important implications for gender equality and for retaining the nation's competitiveness in the technological marketplace. The most reliable and current knowledge about women's participation in science is presented in this collection of fifteen essays written by top researchers on gender differences in ability. The essayists were chosen to reflect the diversity and complexity of views on the topic, about which knowledge has been accumulating and evolving for decades. The editors provide an introduction that defines the key issues and embeds them in historical context and a conclusion that synthesizes and integrates the disparate views. Written accessibly to appeal to students and non-specialists as well as psychologists and other social scientists, the contributors reframe this key controversy and challenge readers' emotional and political biases through solid empirical science. Taken together, the introduction, essays, and conclusion make a convincing case that sex differences are neither as unambiguous as earlier researchers suggested nor as insubstantial as some current critics claim. Sex differences in career choices are definitely not inevitable, as the past thirty years have documented both a sea change in the gender makeup of various fields and fluctuations in ability-score differences between the sexes. However, as the essays make clear, such changes leave open the possibility of cultural and biological bases for today's sex differences in science, engineering, and math participation.