The effects of a spaceflight analog with elevated CO2 on sensorimotor adaptation
The effects of a spaceflight analog with elevated CO2 on sensorimotor adaptation
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00306.2020
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Seidler, Rachael D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Banker, Lauren A.;Salazar, Ana Paula;Seidler, Rachael D.
在国际空间站 (ISS) 上，宇航员必须适应因微重力而改变的前庭和体感输入。地球上的感觉运动适应通常是通过引入视觉运动冲突的任务来研究的。当受试者多次接触相同的适应性任务时，可以测量适应过程的保留（称为节省）。目前尚不清楚国际空间站上的适应需求可能会如何干扰同时适应其他感官冲突的能力。在本研究中，我们研究了 30 天头低位倾斜卧床休息与升高的二氧化碳（HDBR 刺 CO2）作为航天模拟对感觉运动适应的影响。 11 名受试者在真实光标反馈和 45 度旋转反馈下使用操纵杆将光标移动到计算机屏幕上呈现的目标。在 NASA 的这次活动中，五人出现视盘水肿，这是航天相关神经眼综合征 (SANS) 的症状。因此，我们还在表现出 SANS 迹象和未表现出 SANS 迹象的亚组之间进行了事后探索性分析。 HDBR 刺 CO2 对感觉运动适应有一定影响，整个组缺乏储蓄。 SANS个体表现出更大、更持久的后遗症，表明适应性行为从依赖认知转向更内隐的处理。总的来说，这些发现表明 HDBR 刺 CO2 改变了个体进行感觉运动处理的方式。这些发现对任务和任务训练具有重要意义，因为任务和任务训练需要个人适应长期在太空中改变的感官输入。新的和值得注意的 这是第一个卧床休息活动，检查 HDBR 刺 CO2 的综合影响的感觉运动适应和储蓄，并观察 HDBR 参与者的航天相关神经眼综合征 (SANS) 的迹象。我们的研究结果表明 HDBR 刺 CO2 改变了个体进行感觉运动处理的方式。与没有表现出 SANS 迹象的受试者相比，出现 SANS 迹象的个体似乎更多地依赖于适应性行为的内隐而非认知处理。
Aboard the International Space Station (ISS), astronauts must adapt to altered vestibular and somatosensory inputs due to microgravity. Sensorimotor adaptation on Earth is often studied with a task that introduces visuomotor conflict. Retention of the adaptation process, known as savings, can be measured when subjects are exposed to the same adaptive task multiple times. It is unclear how adaptation demands found on the ISS might interfere with the ability to adapt to other sensory conflict at the same time. In the present study, we investigated the impact of 30 days' head-down tilt bed rest combined with elevated carbon dioxide (HDBR thorn CO2) as a spaceflight analog on sensorimotor adaptation. Eleven subjects used a joystick to move a cursor to targets presented on a computer screen under veridical cursor feedback and 45 degrees rotated feedback. During this NASA campaign, five individuals presented with optic disk edema, a sign of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Thus, we also performed post hoc exploratory analyses between subgroups who did and did not show signs of SANS. HDBR thorn CO2 had some impact on sensorimotor adaptation, with a lack of savings across the whole group. SANS individuals showed larger, more persistent after-effects, suggesting a shift from relying on cognitive to more implicit processing of adaptive behaviors. Overall, these findings suggest that HDBR thorn CO2 alters the way in which individuals engage in sensorimotor processing. These findings have important implications for missions and mission training, which require individuals to adapt to altered sensory inputs over long periods in space. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first bed rest campaign examining sensorimotor adaptation and savings in response to the combined effect of HDBR thorn CO2 and to observe signs of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) in HDBR participants. Our findings suggest that HDBR thorn CO2 alters the way that individuals engage in sensorimotor processing. Individuals who developed signs of SANS seem to rely more on implicit rather than cognitive processing of adaptive behaviors than subjects who did not present signs of SANS.