Extinct even before scientific recognition: a remarkable radiation of helicinid snails (Helicinidae) on the Gambier Islands, French Polynesia
Extinct even before scientific recognition: a remarkable radiation of helicinid snails (Helicinidae) on the Gambier Islands, French Polynesia
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甚至在科学认识之前就已经灭绝：法属波利尼西亚甘比尔群岛上螺类（Helicinidae）的显着辐射
DOI：
10.1007/s10531-013-0496-2
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
P. Bouchet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Richling;P. Bouchet
最近的文献中充斥着关于夏威夷群岛和社会群岛特有的Achatinellidae和Partulidae物种的减少和灭绝的报道，这分别是由于食肉蜗牛Euglandina rosea的引入。在这里，我们描述了一个以前未被认可的辐射helicinid土地蜗牛从法属波利尼西亚的甘比尔群岛，多达7个物种共同发生在一个单一的地方，多达8个物种在一个单一的岛屿。这种辐射在E.在太平洋，甚至在物种被收集用于科学研究之前。甘比尔群岛的案例研究表明，地方性陆生蜗牛的大规模灭绝在世纪就已经发生，但大部分仍然没有得到承认和记录。十个物种中有九个是科学上的新物种，这里描述的几乎完全是基于灭绝发生后从土壤的贝壳库中收集的空贝壳。光是这种螺旋藻辐射就使全球有记录的软体动物灭绝数量增加了近2%。大多数物种都很微小，直径为1.5毫米，即使不是该科中最小的物种，也是最小的物种之一。几个有口的障碍，一个有鳃盖apophyses字符状态以前没有记录在太平洋helicinids。虽然唯一幸存的冈比亚物种在解剖学上属于Sturanya属，但来自南方群岛、社会群岛和库克群岛的代表性螺旋科物种并不与之同属，而后者的属名是Nesiocina。据推测，已灭绝的冈比亚物种也是奈西奥西纳。
Recent literature abounds with reports of the decline and extinction of the endemic species of Achatinellidae and Partulidae in the Hawaiian and Society Islands, respectively, resulting from the introduction of the predatory snail Euglandina rosea. Here, we describe a previously unrecognised radiation of helicinid land snails from the Gambier Islands of French Polynesia, with up to seven species co-occurring in a single locality and up to eight species on a single island. This radiation had already become extinct (nine of ten species) several decades before the expansion of E. rosea in the Pacific, and even before the species were collected for scientific study. The Gambier Islands case study shows that massive extinctions of endemic land snails had already taken place in the nineteenth century, but have remained largely unrecognised and undocumented. Nine of the ten species are new to science and are described here almost entirely based on empty shells collected from the shell bank of the soil after the extinction had already taken place. This helicinid radiation alone increases the number of documented global mollusc extinctions by almost 2 %. Most of the species are minute and, at 1.5 mm, rank among the smallest, if not the smallest, species in the family. Several have apertural barriers and one has opercular apophyses—character states not previously documented in Pacific helicinids. Whereas the only surviving Gambier species belongs anatomically to the genus Sturanya, representative helicinid species from the Austral, Society and Cook Islands are not congeneric with it, and the generic name Nesiocina is here established for the latter taxa. It is hypothesised that the extinct Gambier species were also Nesiocina.