Anatomical correlates of dyslexia: frontal and cerebellar findings
Anatomical correlates of dyslexia: frontal and cerebellar findings
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DOI：
10.1093/brain/awg026
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发表时间：
2003-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
Berninger, VW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eckert, MA;Leonard, CM;Berninger, VW
在这项研究中，我们检查了来自家庭遗传学研究的 4-6 年级诵读困难儿童（14 名男性，4 名女性）和对照儿童（19 名男性，13 名女性）的神经解剖学。相对于总体平均智商和言语智商，阅读障碍者在文字阅读方面存在特定缺陷，但没有主要语言或运动缺陷。通过 MRI 扫描收集后颞叶、额下回、小脑和全脑的测量结果。阅读障碍者的小脑右前叶、双侧三角部和脑容量明显较小。右小脑前叶和左右三角部的测量正确分类了 72% 的诵读困难受试者（其中 94% 具有快速自动命名缺陷）和 88% 的对照者。在控制脑容量后，小脑前叶和三角部对受试者的分类做出了重大贡献。相关分析表明，这些神经解剖学测量值也与阅读障碍相关的阅读、拼写和语言测量值显着相关。年龄与任何解剖学变量无关。家庭遗传学研究中的阅读困难儿童的结果是参考先前研究中的阅读困难成人进行讨论的，这些成人是根据语音编码和阅读理解之间的差异确定的。在这两项研究中，小脑右前叶的体积将阅读障碍者与对照参与者区分开来。在影像学研究中，小脑是阅读障碍者和对照参与者之间结构差异最一致的部位之一。这项研究可能是第一个表明小脑额叶回路异常与快速自动命名和阅读障碍双缺陷亚型相关的研究。
In this study, we examined the neuroanatomy of dyslexic (14 males, four females) and control (19 males, 13 females) children in grades 4-6 from a family genetics study. The dyslexics had specific deficits in word reading relative to the population mean and verbal IQ, but did not have primary language or motor deficits. Measurements of the posterior temporal lobe, inferior frontal gyrus, cerebellum and whole brain were collected from MRI scans. The dyslexics exhibited significantly smaller right anterior lobes of the cerebellum, pars triangularis bilaterally, and brain volume. Measures of the right cerebellar anterior lobe and the left and right pars triangularis correctly classified 72% of the dyslexic subjects (94% of whom had a rapid automatic naming deficit) and 88% of the controls. The cerebellar anterior lobe and pars triangularis made significant contributions to the classification of subjects after controlling for brain volume. Correlational analyses showed that these neuroanatomical measurements were also significantly correlated with reading, spelling and language measures related to dyslexia. Age was not related to any anatomical variable. Results for the dyslexic children from the family genetics study are discussed with reference to dyslexic adults from a prior study, who were ascertained on the basis of a discrepancy between phonological coding and reading comprehension. The volume of the right anterior lobe of the cerebellum distinguished dyslexic from control participants in both studies. The cerebellum is one of the most consistent locations for structural differences between dyslexic and control participants in imaging studies. This study may be the first to show that anomalies in a cerebellar-frontal circuit are associated with rapid automatic naming and the double-deficit subtype of dyslexia.