Development of complex, stereotyped behavior in pigeons.
Development of complex, stereotyped behavior in pigeons.
复制标题
鸽子复杂的、刻板的行为的发展。
DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1980.33-153
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Barry Schwartz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barry Schwartz
在5x5的灯光矩阵中，鸽子在一个键上啄一下，就会把一盏灯向下移动一个位置，而在另一个键上啄一下，就会把灯移到另一个位置上。强化依赖于每个键上出现四次轻击(将矩阵光从左上角移动到右下角)，两个键上的第五次轻击结束了没有食物的试验。虽然有70种不同的序列导致强化，但12只鸽子中的每一只都发展了一种特殊的、刻板印象的序列，这主导了它的行为(实验1)。物种灭绝导致了序列变异性的显著增加(实验2)。移除矩阵线索会扰乱操作，但通过延长训练可以部分恢复(实验3)。这些鸽子没有掌握一种偶然性，即在当前试验中需要不同于上一次试验的序列(实验4)，尽管它们能够学习发射以左-左或左-右反应模式开始的序列(实验5)。实验表明，强化的偶然性可能有助于创造复杂的行为单位，刻板印象可能是偶然性强化的结果。
A pigeon's peck on one key moved a light down one position in a 5x5 matrix of lights, while a peck on another key moved the light across one position. Reinforcement depended upon the occurrence of four pecks on each key (moving the matrix light from the top left to the bottom right), and a fifth peck on either key ended a trial without food. Though there were 70 different sequences that led to reinforcement, each of 12 pigeons developed a particular, stereotyped sequence which dominated its behavior (Experiment 1). Extinction produced substantial increases in sequence variability (Experiment 2). Removal of the matrix cues disrupted performance, though it partially recovered with extended training (Experiment 3). The pigeons did not master a contingency which required a different sequence on the current trial than on the previous one (Experiment 4), though they were able to learn to emit sequences which began with either left-left or left-right response patterns (Experiment 5). The experiments suggest that contingencies of reinforcement may contribute to the creation of complex units of behavior, and that stereotypy may be a likely consequence of contingent reinforcement.